八年级下册第三单元词汇短语及被动综合归纳
第三单元词汇短语及被动综合归纳
Ⅰ. Vocabulary
1.description (n. 描述)---describe(v. 描述)
describesth. = tell what sth. is like = give a description of sth.
2. fit(adj. 健康的)---fit(v. 适合、合身)---fitness (n. 健康、适合) fit in 相处融洽，合得来;be fit for = be suitable for 能胜任、适合
3. dive(v. 潜水)---diving (n. 潜水) --- diver (n. 潜水员)
4.attract(v. 吸引)---attraction (n. 吸引力)---attractive(adj. 有吸引力的、诱人的)---distraction(n. 分心) attract one’s attention. 吸引注意力
5.hang(v. 悬挂)---hanger (n. 衣架)
hang(v. 悬挂)---hung---hung
hang(v. 绞死、吊死)---hanged--- hanged
hang outwith sb. 与…外出闲逛
hang on 等候，别挂电话 = hold on
6.require(v. 需要)---requirement (n. 需求)
requiresb. to do
requirethat sb. (should) do 要求某人做…
7.practise(v. 从事)---practice(n. 练习)---practical(adj. 现实的)
practicedoing sth. 练习做…
8.health(n. 健康)---healthy(adj. 健康的)---unhealthy(adj. 不健康的)
ingood/bad health = healthy/unhealthy 健康(不健康的)
9.luck(n. 运气)---lucky(adj. 运气好的)---luckily(adv. 不幸的)---unlucky(adj. 不幸的)---unluckily(adv. 不幸地)
out ofluck = unlucky 倒霉
10.wedding(n. 婚礼)--- wed (v. 结婚)---newly-wed (n. 新婚的)
11.rough(adj. 粗糙的)---roughness(n.粗暴、粗野)
12.simple (adj. 简单的、自然的、率直的)---simply(adv. 仅仅)---simplicity(n. 简单、朴素);simple-minded头脑简单的
Ⅱ. Key phrases:
1. divedown 潜入水下
2. stayunder the water 待在水中
3. up totwo minutes = about two minutes 大约两分钟
4. setoff in the late afternoon 在下午较晚时候出发
5. getthe cormorant ready for work 让鸬鹚准备好捕鱼
6. stopthem from eating big fish = prevent them from eating big fish. 防止鸬鹚吞掉大鱼
7. jumpup and down 上下跳
8. hang alight 挂一盏灯
9. nomore = not any more 不再…
10. thetraditional skill of paper cutting 传统剪纸艺术
11. aperson with a traditional skill 传统手工艺人
12. berequired to do sth.被要求做某事
13. puton a play 上演一个戏剧
14. keep …alive 让…活着(不遗失)
15. thistype of fishing = this kind of fishing 这种(捕鱼)的方式
Ⅲ. Grammar Passive Voice (被动语态)
1. 结构：Be + V.pp(动词过去分词)
2. 被动语态的时态较常见的八种形式如下：
一般现在时 am/is/are done
一般过去时 was/weredone
一般将来时 shall/will/begoing to be done
现在进行时 am/is/arebeing done
现在完成时 have/hasbeen done
过去进行时 was/werebeing done
过去将来时 wouldbe done
过去完成时 hadbeen done
3. 常见It is + 过去分词+ that 句型有：
It’s saidthat … 据说……
It’sbelieved that 人们相信……
It’sreported that 据报道……
It’ssuggested that 有人建议……
4. 含有情态动词的被动语态结构
情态动词 + be + V. pp(动词过去分词)
常见情态动词包括：ought to(=should), must, have to,can等等。
5. 主动句中谓语动词由动词+介词或副词构成的短语动词，变为被动句时，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉，介词或副词不可省略。这类动词有：laugh at, operate on, look after,make fun of, make use of take care of,carry out, give up, hand in, point out, put away, put off, turn down, work out,talk about等。
eg. Yourpronunciation must be paid great attention to.你要着重注意一下你的发音。
6. 主动表被动的几种情况
① 动词(表示主语的属性特征) + 副词(well/ badly/easily/smoothly),用主动式表被动义。
read, write,sell, wash, clean, wear, lock, open, cook, shut, dry, eat, drink,…
eg. Thispen made in Japan ________ well. (write)
②不定式在某些形容词后作状语,且和句子的主语(或宾语)构成动宾关系时,用主动式表被动义。
difficult,easy, hard, fit, pleasant, good, comfortable, light, heavy, safe,…
eg. Wefind English is hard _______ (learn).
③不定式作后置定语,与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系,又和该句主语(或宾语)构成主谓关系时,用主动式表被动义。
eg. Ihave a lot of homework ______(do).
④表示状态特征的连系动词(look, sound, feel, smell, taste,prove, appear, make,...)+adj./n.,用主动式表被动义。
Thatsounds a good idea. / The rotten meat smells terrible.
⑤表示“开始、结束、运动”的动词用主动式表被动义。(begin, open, start, stop, end, finish,shut, move, run,...)
Our classoften starts at 8 a.m. .
⑥作“需要”讲的want/need/require后接动名词作宾语时，同be worth, in need of，用主动式表被动义;当然也可接不定式的被动式作宾语。
Ourclassroom needs cleaning/ to be cleaned.
7. ① take place(发生),happen, break out(爆发), belong to(属于), die, last(持续),appear(看起来), come true(变成现实), turn out(结果是),rise, succeed, lie等不及物动词不能用于被动语态。
② 一感(feel)二听(hear, listen to)三让(let, make, have)四观看(see, watch, notice, look at)等后面的不定式不带“to”;变为被动语态时必须还原“to”。
看了“八年级下册第三单元词汇短语及被动综合归纳”