初中英语所有知识点总结
初中英语所有知识点总结：主谓一致
例如：
There are two trees and a well behind the house.
Here is an apple,two oranges and some peaches for you.
2、由neither…nor/either…or/not only…but also/not…but等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与最靠近他的一个名词或代词保持人称和数上的一致。
例如：
Neither jack nor I have seen the film.
Either you or I am worry.
Not only you but also he comes here every day.
3、each和由some/any/one/every/构成的复合代词，都作单数看待，谓语动词应用单数形式。
例如：
Each of us has something to say .
Is everyboday ready?
Someboday is using the phone.
4、主语后接with/together with/as well as/but等短语作定语时，谓语形式不受定语的影响。
例如：
The teacher together with his students is going there on foot.
5、many a(许多)和more than one(不止一个)等作定语去修饰作主语的单数可数名词时，谓语动词用单数。
例如：
Many a way has been tried.
6、pair of等表示数量的名词短语修饰主语时，谓语的形式要与pair等名词形式一致。常见的有：pair of/kind of/type of/box of等。(但a lot of/lots of和a number of不属于这一类)。
例如：
There is a pair of shoes left.
7、从句或短语(包括不定式和动名词)作主语时，往往表达一种抽象概念，谓语动词用单数。
例如：
Waving hand is to say“goodbye”.
What he said is wrong.
8、maths/news/physics/the united states等单数概念，复数形式的名词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数。
例如：
The united states was founded in 1776.
9、时间、距离、金钱、重量、容量等名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
例如：
Twenty years is a long time.
Two hundreds dollars is a lot of money.
10、the number of+名词，谓语动词用单数：a number of+名词，谓语动词用复数。
初中英语所有知识点总结：宾语从句
1、连词：连词由充当宾语从句的句子语气来确定。如果为陈述语气，则用that(可省略);如果为特殊疑问语气，则用适当的特殊疑问词;如果为一般疑问语气，则用if/whether(是否)。
例如：
He says(that)he lives in beijing.
I don′t know where he works.
Could you tell me if/whether it snows in winter in australia?
注意：在宾语从句中，if后面不能直接跟or not,而whether后面则可以。
例如：
Can you tell me whether or not the train has left.
2、时态
例如：
Do you know who give us a talk?
He asked if it was five o′clock.
注意：宾语从句如果表达客观事实、真理，则不论主句为何种时态，从句一般用一般现在时。
例如：
The teacher told us(that)the earth moves around the sun.
3、语序：宾语从句一律要用陈述语序。
例如：
Li mei asked me where mary was.
4、连接代词：what可以表示“…的话”，“…的事”的意思。
例如：
I can not understand what he said.
5、标点符号：带有宾语从句的复合句用什么标点符号，要依据主句的句式来确定。
例如：
He asked me how many students there were in our class.
Do you know if he will go to the cinema tomorrow?
6、在think/suppose/expect等动词之后的宾语从句中，如果从句谓语是否定含义，则不用否定形式，而将主句谓语动词变为否定形式。
例如：
I don′t think you are right.我认为你不对。
7、宾语从句和连接代词在句中作宾语时，从句中应用及物动词;若从句中的动词是不及物动词，应在其后加介词或副词。
例如：
Please tell me what place he lives in.
8、如果宾语从句是用and连接的并列句，两个宾语从句前都要使用连接词;如果连接词都是that,第一个可以省略，第二个则不能。
例如：
I heard(that)their team won and that the teacher was please.
初中英语所有知识点总结：状语从句
1、时间状语从句：引导时间状语从句的连词有when/while/as/as soon as/until/not…untill/before/after/since等。
例如：
When you leave,please take a raincoat with you.
As soon as she got home,she began to make dinner.
注意：
(1)while意为“当…期间”，从句中的谓语动词一般用进行时态。
例如：
Take notes while you are listening to the teacher.
(2)while侧重主句中谓语动词表示的动作或存在的状态与从句谓语动词所表示的动作或存在的状态的对比，常译为“而”。
例如：
He is a worker while I am a student.
(3)not…until,直到……才，主句谓语动词必须是非持续性动词而且主句是否定式，从句为肯定式。
例如：
He did not go to bed until his mother came.
(4)在时间状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来时间。
例如：
Mr smith will telephone you when he returns.
2、原因状语从句：引导原因状语从句的连词有：because/as/since等。
例如：
His sister is in bed because she is ill.
注意：含原因状语从句的复合句，有时可以转换为用so连接的并列句，故because和so不能同时出现在一个句子中。
例如：
He did not come here because he was busy.
He was busy,so he did not come here.
3、地点状语从句：引导地点状语从句的连词有where或wherever.
例如：
Where there is no air or water,noboday can live.
4、条件状语从句：引导条件状语从句的连词有if/unless等。
(1)在含有if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句中，主句谓语部分通常含有will/shall或情态动词，从句用一般现在时表示将来时态。
例如：
We will go for a picnic if it dose not rain tomorrow.
(2)if……not常译作“如果不…”，相当于unless,unless含有否定意义，译作“假如不”，“除非”。
例如：
例如：
You will fail if you do not work hard.
You will fail unless you work hard.
(3)用if改写“祈使句+and+简单句”这一句子结构中的祈使句时，要在祈使句前加if you,并去掉并列连词and.
例如：
Study hard,and you will catch up with us.
If you study hard,you will catch up with us.
(4)用if……not改写“祈使句+or+简单句”这一结构中的祈使句时，要变祈使句为否定的条件状语从句，并去掉or.
例如：
Hurry,or you won′t catch the bus.
If you study hard ,you will catch up with us.
5、目的和结构状语从句：引导目的状语从句的连词有so that;引导结果状语从句的连词有so …that…，such…that….
(1)so 是副词，修饰形容词或副词。
So +adj/adv+that
例如：the shoes are so small that I can not wear them.
(2)such是形容词，修饰名词。
Such+a/an+adj+n(可数名词单数)+that…
Such+adj+n(不可数名词单数，可数名词复数)+that…
例如：
She is such a lovely girl that we all like her.可改为：she is so lovely a girl that we all like her.
(3)如果名词前是表示多少的many/much/few/little等词时要用so.
例如：
I have so much money that we all like her.
(4)so …that的主从复合句在转换为简单句时，可选用下列四种结构。
Too…to do sth too…for sb to do
…enough to do sth enough for sb to do
例如：
Tom is so young that he can not join the army.
Tom is too young to join the army./tom is not old enough to jion the army.
The milk is so cool that we can drink it.
The milk is cool enough for us to drink.
6、比较状语从句：引导比较状语从句的连词有as…as,than等。
(1)表示甲乙在某一个方面相同时，用as+形容词/副词原级+as结构，表示甲在某一个方面不如乙时，用“not as/so+形容词/副词原级+as”结构。
例如：
John is as clever as tom.
He dose not run as/so fast as you .
(2)表示甲程度高于乙时，用“形容词、副词的比较级+than引导的”从句结构。
He si taller than I .
(3)两个比较对象要对等，即“应是句子中的同等成分进行比较”。
例如：
The weather in south is always hotter than that in north.
7、让步状语从句：引导让步状语从句的连词有though,although等。
例如：
They kept working on the farm though it was raining hard.=it was raining hard,but they kept working on the farm.
注意：though/although不能与并列连词but同时出现在一个句子中。
初中英语所有知识点总结：定语从句
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句，它的作用相当于形容词，被修饰的词叫做先行词。
1、定语从句的位置。
1)定语从句一般地说要放在先行词之后，无论这个词在句中充当何种成分。
The student who answered the question is bill.
2)有时先行词后还有一个作定语的词或词组时，定语从句则应放在上述成分之后。
Do you know anyone in our class whose father is a business man?
2、定语从句的引导词
1)定语从句的引导词是由关系代词或关系副词充当的。
关系代词有who/whom/whose/that，关系副词有when/where/why,它们除了引导从句的作用外，还要在从句中充当一定的成分。关系代词和关系副词的选用要看其在从句中发挥的作用，与主语没有任何关系。
在从句中充当主语的有who/which/that.
在从句中充当宾语的有whom/which/that.
在从句中充当定语的有whose.
在从句中充当状语的有when/where/why.
当定语从句所修饰的先行词是人时，关系代词要用who(主格)，whom(宾格)，也可以用that,以及whose(所有格)，先行词是物时，关系代词要用which,也可用that.whom/which/that在从句中作宾语时往往可以省略。
例如：
The students who do not study hard will not pass the examination.
Do you know the man(whom)mr green shook hand with?
The letter(which)I received yesterday is from my sister.
Who is the man(that)is reading a magazine over there?
The book(that) you lent me is very ingteresting .
I will never forget the day when I joined the party.
Last year I went to the village where I was born.
This is the reason why she will go to london.
2)在先行词相同的情况下，根据它们在定语从句中所起的语法作用，可用不同的引导词连接不同的定语从句。
例如：
This is the school where I students for six years.(school或student的状语)。
This is the school which he mentioned just now.(school作menttioned的宾语).
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