初中英语知识点汇总
1.现在完成时的定义:动作发生在过去,对现在的影响和结果。
2.强调过去的动作和状态对现在产生的影响和结果。
常用的时间状语有:already, yet, never,有时没有时间状语;多是一般疑问句。
I have already seen the film.
Have you decided yet?
3.刚刚和最近发生的动作和状态。
常用的时间状语有:just, lately, recently, in the past few days/weeks
注意:just 和just now用不同的时态,just now(刚才)一般用过去时。
I have just phoned him?
I have visited my parents recently.
4.从过去一直延续到现在的动作和状态。
常用的时间状语有:since, (可用作介词和连词)for
注意:主句的谓语动词一般是延续性的动词,如果是否定形式,主句的谓语动词可用瞬间动词,否则,不能用瞬间动词。
I have lived here for 20 years.
I have lived here since I came to this city
I have learned English since 10 years ago.
He hasn't come to visit us for a few months.
5.从过去到现在一段时间的动作和状态。
常用的时间状语有:up till now, so far, in this morning, in this week, in this year, in my life
注意:这两句话的区别
I have seen him this morning. (时间还在上午)
I saw him this morning. (时间不是在上午了)
We have learned so many things from you so far.
I have seen any bird like this in my life.
6.对过去的体验和经历。
常用的时间状语有:before, ever, once, twice, many times
注意:这两句话的区别
I have been to Beijing (去过北京)
I have gone to Beijing(去北京了,人还没回来〕
Have you seen tiger before?
I have been to Shanghai many times.
初中英语知识点汇总:规则动词的词形变化
(1)陈述语气第三人称单数一般现在时形:
(a)原形动词词尾+“-s”:
help(帮助)→helps come(来)→comes
(b)原形动词词尾“ch,sh,o,s,x”+“-es”:
teach(教)→teaches wash(洗)→washes
go(去)→goes kiss(吻)→kisses fix(安装)→fixes
(c)原形动词词尾为“辅音字母+y”时,去“y”后加“-ies”,若是“元音字母+y”,只加“-s”:
study(学习)→studies
play(游戏)→plays
解说:本项规则的“第三人称单数”是指句子的主语。例如:
I go to school on a bicycle every day .
You go to school on a bicycle every day.
She goes to school on a bicycle every day.
(2)现在分词(也称“-ing”形):
(a)原形动词词尾+“-ing”。
speak→speaking(说)study→studying(学习)go→going(去)
(b)原形动词词尾为“-e”时,去“-e”后+“-ing”。
live→living(住) make→making(制造)
(c)原形动词词尾为“-ie”时,先把“-ie”改为“-y”后+“-ing”。
lie→lying(卧,躺)die→dying(死)
(d)原形动词词尾为“短元音+辅音字母”时,先双写词尾辅音字母后再+“-ing”。
plan→planning(计划) kid→kidding(开玩笑)
get→getting(得到)stop→stopping(停止)
put→putting(放置) shut→shutting(关闭)
注:双音节动词若其词尾的词形如本项的情形,但重音落在第一音节者直接加“-ing”,若是重音落在第二音节者则依本项规则加“-ing”。
visit →visiting(访问)
begin →beginning (开始)
(e)原形动词词尾为“元音+l,r”并为重读音节时,常重复词尾后再加“-ing”。
compel →compelling(强迫)prefer→preferring(宁要)
(3)过去式和过去分词
(a)原形动词词尾+“ed”。
rain →rained (下雨)walk→walked(走)need →needed
(b)原形动词词尾为“e”时,加“-d”。
live →lived (住)like→liked(喜欢)
(c)原形动词词尾为“辅音字母+y”时,去“-y”后加“-ied”,若是词尾为“元音字母+y”,只加“-ed”。
study→studied(学习)play→played(游戏)
规则动词|词形变化
(d)原形动词词尾为“短元音+辅音字母”时,先双写该辅音字母后再+”-ed“。
chat →chatted (闲谈)
kid→kidded(开玩笑)
beg →begged (恳求)
stop →stopped (停止)
bud →budded (萌芽)
注:双音节动词若其词尾的词形如本项的情形,但重音落在第一音节者直接加“-ed”,若是重音落在第二音节者,则依本项规则加“-ed”。
visit →visited (访问)
omit→omitted (省略)
(e)原形动词词尾为“元音+l,r”并为重读音节时,常双写词尾后再加“-ed”。
compel →compelled
prefer →preferred
英语字母“c”后面接“e,i”时通常都发[s]音,例如:face,city。因此,如picnic作动词使用时,其词形变化为了要保住其词尾的[k]音,通常都先加“-k”之后再加“-ing”或“-ed”。例如:
We went picnicking last Sunday.
(上星期天我们野餐去了)。
We picnicked in a park by a lake.
(我们在湖边的一处公园野餐了。)
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