英语句子的基本结构(3)
英文中，有些动词因主词不同而改变，verb to be是其中之一，因此，我们必须记得以下的规则：
现在时
单数
第一人称 I am
第二人称You are
第三人称(He，She，It)is
过去式
单数
I was
You were
(He，She，It)was
复数
We were
You were
They were
Verb to have也有类似的变化
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
现在式
单数
I have
You have
(He，She，It)has
复数
We have
You have
They have
过去式
单数
I had
You had
(He，She，It)had
复数
We had
You had
They had
【练习一】
以下的句子都有错，请将正确的句子写出来：
1.* I am like my parent.
2.* He is loves his teacher.
3.* He keeps swim every day.
4.* He wants drink a glass of water.
5.* He likes play violin.
6.* Jack do not love mathematics.
7.* Mary hate singing.
8.* My mother cook very good food.
9.* He want me to see him tomorrow.
10.* He not knows my name.
11.* I not like you.
12.* He not like swimming.
13.* You not went home.
14.* I not like swimming.
15.* I wanted to went to my mother's home.
16.* I do not like to swimming.
17.* I did not ate dinner.
18.* I will not went home.
19.* H did not went home.
20.* You may leaving now.
21.* He can swimming.
22.* He does not goes to work.
第二章 现在时和现在进行时
现在时
英文中，现在式(present tense)好像是最容易的，其实现在式都是我们常常用错的时式。
首先，我们不妨举一个例子来说明我们对现在式惯有的误解，假设我们要说〝我在吃午饭〞，这总该用现在式了吧。很多人将这句话翻成
I eat lunch.
这就错了，因为〝I eat lunch.〞的意思并不是〝我在吃午饭〞，而是〝我有吃午饭的习惯〞，意思是说，有人中午不吃午饭(可能是在减肥)，我可是每天中午都会吃午饭的。
我在吃午饭〞，应该要用现在进行式，这是我们以后会谈的。
现在式不是指任何一个行为，而是一种状况。举例来说，以下几句话都应该用现在式：
我是一个学生
I am a student.
他是一个老师
He is a teacher.
他每天游泳
He swims every day.
汤姆勤奋工作
Tom works hard
他早起
He gets up early.
玛莉喜欢看电影
Mary loves watching movies.
这里常常下雨
It rains often here.
我每天喝一杯牛奶
I drink a glass of milk every day.
我是中国人
I am a Chinese.
他会讲英文
He speaks English.
他有喝茶的习惯
He drinks tea.
我骑脚踏车上学
I ride a bicycle to school.
他搭乘公交车上班
He rides a bus to go to work.
我不喜欢你
I do not like you.
他爱他的太太
He loves his wife.
他守法
He obeys the law.
我不喜欢莎士比亚
I do not like Shakespeare.
他不抽烟
He does not smoke.
他喝酒
He drinks.
他唱歌唱得很好
He sings well.
他跳舞跳得很好
He dances well.
他不会游泳
He can not swim.
他不是一个好学生
He is not a good student.
他们都很懒
They are all very lazy.
凡是真理，自然界的现象，数学里的定理，都要用现在式：
太阳从东方升起
The sun rises in the east.
地球是圆的
The earth is round.
月亮是地球的一个卫星
The moon is a satellite of the earth.
美国是一个大的国家
America is a large country.
在北极的夏天，太阳永不落下
The sun never sets at the North Pole in summer.
树叶吸收二氧化碳
Tree leaves absorb CO2 .
计算机的基本原理是布尔代数
The basic principle of computers is Boolean algebra
二点决定一线
Two points define a line.
三点决定一平面
Three points define a plane.
三基本颜色是红、黄、蓝
Three of the basic colors are red, yellow and blue.
被动语态
8§1 及物动词和不及物动词
任何一个英文句子必定有一个动词，请先注意以下例句的动词
He was a teacher before.
He went to school yesterday.
He hit a dog.
I saw you yesterday.
He walks to school every day.
He sent this book to me.
They are good students.
He wrote two novels.
They ate all of the apples.
10. He swims every morning.
在以上的例子中，第3、4、6、8及9句子中的动词都是及物动词(transitive verbs)。这些动词后面都跟着一个名词，而这个名词是动词的受词(object)，其它句子的动词，都是不及物动词，因为他们都没有任何受词。
我们将以上句子中，主词、及物动词和受词的关系分析如下：
句子
主词
及物动词
受词
He hit a dog.
He
hit
dog
I saw you yesterday.
I
saw
you
He sent his book to me.
He
sent
his book
He wrote two novels.
He
wrote
two novels
They ate all of the apples.
They
ate
all of the apples
一旦动词是及物动词，我们就可以将这个句子由原来的主动语气(active voice)改成被动语气(passive voice)。但我们也要警告读者，不要轻易用被动语气，因为有时被动语气的句子是不自然的。
8§2 没有助动词的被动语气
在这以前，我们的句子都是主动语气，这种句子的基本形式如下：
主词+动词+受词
所谓的被动语气，乃是将原来的受词变成主词。举例来说，主动语气中，我们说〝我看到一些狗〞，在被动语气中，我们说〝一些狗被我看到〞。在英文中，将主动语气改成被动语气，必须做以下的动作：
原有受词变成名词
动词变成verb to be+过去分词(past participle)
原有主词变成在动词后面，但前面加by。
举例来说，主动语气的句子可以是
I saw a cat.
被动语气就成了
A cat was seen by me.
最重要的是，verb to be的时式必须和原句子的相同，以上的例子中，动词是过去式，所以verb to be也是过去式。除此以外，verb to be也要配合新的主词。请看以下的例子：
I saw two cats.
改成被动语气以后，句子是：
Two cats were seen by me.
以下是主动改被动的例子，最重要的是注意verb to be的形式：
主动语气(active voice)
被动语气(passive voice)
Mr. Jones hit the dog.
The dog was hit by Mr. Jones.
My brother saw you yesterday.
You were seen by my brother yesterday.
He sent the book to me.
The book was sent to me by him.
Dickens wrote those two novels.
Those two novels were written by Dickens.
They ate all of the apples.
All of he apples were eaten by them.
Jane wrote that song.
That song was written by Jane.
My mother loves me.
I am loved by my mother.
以上是学习啦小编分享了英语句子的基本结构，你喜欢吗?