tpo29阅读及答案解析(2)
10.The word "unaltered" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A.unimproved.
B.unequaled.
C.unchanged.
D.unsatisfactory.
11.The discussion of the history of electric power production in paragraph 6 supports which of the following?
A.1832 marked the beginning of the industrial production of electric power.
B.Turbines using Benoit Fourneyron's design were eventually used to generate electric power.
C.Benoit Fourneyron quickly applied Michael Faraday's discovery about electric fields to acquire a pattern for a new and more efficient waterwheel.
D.Practical advances in hydro technology were more important to the development of electric power than were advances in the theoretical understanding of electricity.
12.According to paragraph 7, what problem did the early power station in the town of Godalming in Surrey, United Kingdom, face in providing electricity?
A.The traditional waterwheel is used was not large enough to meet the demand for energy.
B.The flow of the River Wey, on which the power station depended, was unreliable.
C.The operators of the Godalming power station had little experience with hydro technology.
D.The steam engine that turned the waterwheel was faulty and needed to be replaced.
13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.Where would the sentence best fit? The steam engine that turned the waterwheel was faulty and needed to be replaced.
Raising water and grinding corn were by no means the only uses of the waterpower mill, and during the following centuries, the applications of waterpower kept pace with the developing technologies of mining,iron working,paper making,and the wool and cotton industries. Water was the main source of mechanical power, and by the end of the seventeenth century, England alone is thought to have had some 20,000 working mill. There was much debate on the relative efficiencies of different types of waterwheels. ■【A】The period from about 1650 until 1800 saw some excellent scientific and technical investigations of different designs. ■【B】They revealed output powers ranging from about 1 horsepower to perhaps 60 for the largest wheels and confirmed that for maximum efficiency,the water should pass across the blades as smoothly as possible and fall away with minimum speed, having given up almost all of its kinetic energy. ■【C】(They also proved that, in principle, the overshot wheel, a type of wheel in which anoverhead stream of water powers the wheel, should win the efficiency competition.) ■【D】
14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.
Ever since the development of waterwheel, which occurred no later than 500 B.C., people have used moving water as a source of power.
A.The first water-powered machines were probably used to grind corn, and as technology advanced, waterwheels were used as the main source of power in many industries.
B.In the late nineteenth century an electric power station in England began using water power from a nearby river, creating a dependable source of power that quickly replaced the steam engine.
C.In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, design improvements I waterwheels led to discoveries of how to increase their efficiency and power output.
D.Almost every large town in England had a waterpower mill, allowing England to become the world's leader in industries that depended on water for their power.
E.Waterpower mills were probably invented about the same time in the Middle East and Scandinavia and then spread to England by about the second century B.C..
F.After declining in importance in the early 1800's, waterpower came back into demand by the end of the century as a means to power electric plants and water turbines.
tpo29阅读答案
托福阅读答案1.这个单词后面出现了to，表目的或作用，整句话的意思就是水资源被用于减轻人和动物的劳动。所以很容易推出文中单词harnessed是使用的意思，因此选择D。
2.这个题可以看着选项到原文照对应点，A对应原文第二句，正确，不选。B对应虽然没有直接在原文中提到，但是也可以有这层意思，可以作为待定选项。但看到C之后就可以排除B了，因为C和原文第一句有了直接冲突，因此选择C。D对应这段的最后一句(出现了perhaps)。
3.根据Throughout the roman empire定位到原文红色标注位置，对于waterpower mill的修饰是increasingly sophisticated也就是更复杂，更先进。因此选择D。
4.这里的application指的是水力资源的应用，也就是作用。因此选择A水利的用处。
5.通过scientific and technical investigation定位到红色标注部分，后面几句就是调查的结果了，原文说输出的功率从1-60马力不等，水流越smooth，下落越慢，效率就越高。英雌，A选项，原文没提到。B选项正确。C. water contain的动能并不能改变，而是要尽可能的使其含有的动能释放出来。D提到了overshot wheel，对应本段最后一句。但是原文并没说这种轮就能输出高于60马单位的能量。
6.根据前面一句，有了蒸汽动力以后，水力资源就被put in doubt了。因此后面修饰水力资源利用前景的一定是一个负面的词。因此选择A，负面的。B是不相似的，C是令人吃惊的，D是不完整的。
7.因为前文提到在1800年，水力资源利用衰败，by then的前半句说a century later，因此应该是一百年以后，也就是1900年。
8.这段第一句就指出了电力发展，然后又说水利能源的重大改变促进了电力发展。因此符合C选项。
9.原文句子的逻辑关系是，electrotechnology和 changes in water growth 共同促进了electric power 工业。A逻辑关系完全反了。B混乱的。D与A逻辑相似。因此选择C。
10.Unaltered是一成不变的，这道题A是一个迷惑选项。但是unaltered并没有进步，改良的那层意思。因此C更合适。
11.上一段说Benoit Fourneyron的发现通过发明turbine得以应用。通过turbine就可以实现发电了。
12.通过Godalming定位。往后阅读之后出现了unfortunately的转折，也就是要说遇到的问题了。"："后面就是答案了。所以选B。
13.要插入的句子说要resolve disagreement。而这段的第一句就说很多debate。那么插到第一个空里正合适。
14.A正确，对应原文第二段第一句。B错误。原文说英国的居住点不管大小，都有自己的mill。对应原文第二段最后一句。C错误。原文说的是river的水流不稳定，结果很快被steam engine取代了。对应原文倒数第二段最后两句。D错误，对应原文第一段，原文说没人知道water mill是什么时候发明的。而且后半句时间也不对。E正确，对应原文第四段。F对应原文第五段最后一句，和第六段。