英语阅读理解猜测词义题的解题技巧(2)

　　3.根据举例猜测词义

　　恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索。

　　例如：(04 辽宁卷C段)The course gives you chances to know great power polities between nation states. It will provide more space to study particular issues such as relationship among countries in the European Union, third world debt, local and international disagreement, and the work of such international bodies as the United Nations, the European Union, NATO, and the World Bank.

　　根据such as 后面列举的一系列例子，我们应该能推断出句中的issue 是指“议题”。

　　二. 内在逻辑关系

　　根据内在逻辑关系推测词义是指应用语言知识分析和判断相关信息之间存在的逻辑关系，然后根据逻辑联系推断生词词义或大致义域。

　　1. 根据对比关系猜测词义

　　在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词的反义词猜测其词义。表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要有：unlike, not, but, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast 等。表示对比关系的句子结构：while 引导的并列句。

　　例如：(NMET 2002 E篇)A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun.

　　What does the underlined word “hassle” (paragraph 1) probably mean?

　　A. a party designed by specialists

　　B. a plan requiring careful thought

　　C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble

　　D. a demand made by guests

　　根据对比关系，这里hassle 和 a basket of fun 是相反的意义，很容易判断理解题的答案为C。

　　2. 根据比较关系猜测词义

　　同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的相似关系。表示比较关系的词和短语主要有：similarly, like, just as, also, as well as 等。

　　例如：Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious.

　　该句中副词similarly表明短语loves to talk和loquacious 之间的比较关系，其意义相近。由此我们可推断出loquacious的意思是“健谈的”。

　　3. 根据因果关系猜测词义

　　在句子或段落中，若两个事物现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推测生词词义。

　　例如：(05上海卷B段)I feel that since you are my superior , it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .”

　　The word “presumptuous” in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to “ ”.

　　A.full of respect B.too confident and rude

　　C.lacking in experience D.too shy and quiet

　　根据since 引导的原因状语从句的内容(“既然你是我的上司”)，我们可以推断这里presumptuous的意思是：“冒失的，放肆的”意思，后半句的意思是：我告诉你怎么做会是一种放肆/冒失的行为。对应的理解题答案为：B。

　　(05江西卷D段)Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots, or young leaves.

　　根据原因状语从句的内容，我们可以判断Pruning的意思是：“修剪(树枝等)”的意思。