高考英语阅读理解解题技巧
一个英语句子之所以难以理解，有许多原因，其中一个主要原因是句子太长或者句子结构复杂。句子过长或者复杂无非是该句除了主干之外还包含了一些附加部分，如插入语、同位语、分隔现象、各种从句或较长的非谓语动词短语等等。今天学习啦小编要与大家分享的是：高考英语阅读理解相关解题技巧。具体内容如下，欢迎参考阅读!
高考英语阅读理解解题技巧：主旨大意题
主旨大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题。
常见的设题方式有:
1 标题类常见的标题型题干
1)The best title/ headline for this passage might be_____________.
2)The text (passage) could be entitled ______________.
3)What is the best title for the passage
4)Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage
2 大意类常见的主题型题干
5) This passage chiefly deals with____________.
6) What‘s the topic of the article
7) What is the subject discussed in the text
8) With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned
3 目的主旨大意题
The author‘s main purpose in writing the passage is______. The passage is meant to _____ The purpose of this article is _______
这类题通常围绕一个中心思想展开。不少文章一开头便展示出文章的中心思想。第一段常常是内容的梗概，同时又表达了中心思想，但是不少文章的中心思想贯穿全文，并没有用一句话明确表达出来。这就要求学生学会归纳概括。每个段落往往也由一个主题句或几个陈述句构成，它们在句中的位置不同，有时在开头,首先点明本段大意; 有时在结尾, 总结本段大意。
做这类题，首先要找出文章的主题句。找出文章的主题句，也就明确了文章要讲什么，再通过速读全文，就可以把握文章的中心思想了。另外在许多文段中，没有可以概括全段意义的主题句，必须根据文章中所提供的事实细节，进行全面分析，然后归纳成一般概念。但必须注意，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。
A.主题句呈现的形式
1文首开门见山, 提出主题, 随之用细节来解释, 支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想. 最常见的演绎法写作方式. 例1.The panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts. Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops.
例2.Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious. The world population is rising, so quickly that the world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, human life on earth will not survive.
2).文尾在表述细节后, 归纳要点, 印象, 结论建议或结果, 以概括主题. 这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式
3).文中通常前面只提出问题， 文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出, 而后又作进一步的解释, 支撑或发展.
例4.Nothing is as useful as a flashlight in a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand a camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.
4).首尾呼应为突出主题, 作者先提出主题, 结尾时再次点出主题, 这种首尾呼应的写作方式较为多见. 但前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复, 后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。
例5.首段Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakes, “ It was seeing people with snakes bites that led me to the career.“she said„
尾段“The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes.‖Shu said.
5).无主题句即主题句隐含在全文中, 没有明确的主题句. 必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节进行全面考虑综合分析然后找出共同的东西归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是既不能以偏概全也不能在概括时过于宽泛要恰如其分。
例6.Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.
Q: What is the main idea of the passage
A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer. B. Bingham is a diligent student.
C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education. D. A good lawyer needs good education.
[分析]此文没有主题句。全篇共四句只陈述了四个细节(detail)性的事实。因此就答案本身看个个都对。读者只能将所有的details综合起来进行逻辑推理才能构成一个没有言明的主题思想(unstated main idea)。由于文中主要涉及了Joshua Bingham接受教育的情况即作者想告诉我们的是Joshua Bingham接受过良好的教育所以答案是
除了以上主题句呈现的常见形式外还要注意标志词 文章或段落的主题句常常会出现在一些标志性的提示后。如on the whole, as a result, in short, therefore, thus„..I agree with the opinion that„.;Given all these points above, I would support the idea that„.; For all the reasons mentioned above, I would prefer„.
2015年高考英语阅读理解最新预测：新闻类
A
london — britain awoke on easter monday to a period of mourning for the queen mother, who died over the weekend after a life spanning a century of noisy and evident change. the 101-year-old royal matriarch died in her sleep last saturday with queen elizabeth, her elder and only surviving daughter, at her bedside. for a woman who was one of the best-known figures in britain for more than 80 years — from the era of tinted portraits on tin biscuit boxes and cigarette cards to the age of the internet, the queen mother remained an enigmatic(不可思议的) and elusive(躲避的) figure.
she achieved such a respect through aeons(永世, 亿万年) of, first, fawning and, later, intrusive media fascination, by remaining almost entirely silent. her private thoughts were never paraded(炫耀) in public. what the public saw was a charming and benign elderly lady, adept at winning the admiration of press photographers, whom she always favoured with a particular smile.
china’s third unmanned spacecraft, shenzhou ⅲ, landed safely in central inner mongolia autonomous region monday afternoon, after orbiting the earth 108 times in slightly less than a week. the craft, which lifted off from jiuquan in gansu province last monday night, landed after successfully conducting a chain of flight and scientific experiments over a period of 162 hours.
a powerful earthquake jolted taiwan, killing five construction workers, authorities(官方) said. over 200 injuries ware reported across the island, mostly minor, as a result of sunday’s 7.5-magnitude quake. the quake was centred off hualien, 180 kilometres east of taipei. it struck at 2:53 pm and lasted for nearly a minute.
1. which of the following statements is true according to the news
a. the queen mother died on easter monday alone.
b. the queen mother was an attractive person in her political life.
c. the british people felt sorry for the death of the queen mother.
d. the queen mother was suffering a lot when she was dying.
2. it can be inferred that _______.
a. the craft landed in central inner mongolia unexpectedly
b. it took the craft at least 2 hours to orbit the earth once
c. the chinese scientists did a lot of experiments in space
d. china was successful in sending an unmanned spacecraft into space
3. the third news mainly talks about the _______ in taiwan.
a. political matters b. social problems
c. unexpected damage d. construction workers
【答案解析】
这是 3 篇新闻报道。高考试题库185http://www.gkstk.com第 1 篇是关于英国皇太后死亡的消息;第 2 篇是关于中国发射神舟三号无人飞船的消息;第 3 篇是关于台湾发生 7.5 级强烈地震的消息。
1. c。判断题。皇太后死的时候有其女儿伊利莎白皇后在身边，排除a项;皇太后没有从政，排除b项;皇太后是在睡觉的时候死去的，d项也排除。所以答案选c。
2. d。判断题。从第3段的几个关键词safely…successful 可知a项错误;b项内容在文中没有提及，可排除;而神舟三号为无人飞船，故不会有科学家在太空中做实验，可排除c;既然神舟三号无人飞船已安全着陆，那肯定是已成功发射了。
3. c。主旨题。既然台湾发生了地震，那当然是没有预料到的灾害。a、b、d三项内容离题太远。