成人高考专升本知识点英语语法(2)
B) 用that不用which的一些特殊情况转自环 球 网 校edu24ol.com
1) 先行词为all, much, little, something, anything, everything, nothing等
Is there anything (that) I can do for you?
2) 先行词前有形容词最高级修饰
This is the most exciting report that I have ever read.
3)The first step (that) we are to take is very difficult.
4) 先行词同时含有―人‖和―非人‖时，用that 不用which，也不用who/whom
He talked about the people and the books that interested him.
C) 关系副词when, where, why
用关系副词when时，它的先行词是表示时间的名词，用where时先行词是表示地点的名词，而用why时它的先行词只可能是reason，使用时应注意以下几点：
1) 关系代词的选择主要是看先行词在从句中所作的成分
This is the city where I was born.转自环 球 网 校edu24ol.com
This is the city (which/that) he has visited
I don‘t know the reason why she is late.
That is the reason (which/that) everybody knows
Do you still remember the day when he arrived?
Do you still remember the day (that/which) we spent together?
2) 关系副词when,where, why可由―介词+which‖的结构来替代 Is this the reason for which they came?
He left the day on which I came.
注意：how 不能用来引导定语从句
This is the way how he did it.
D) As 作关系代词的用法
与the same, such连用转自环 球 网 校edu24ol.com
This is the same book as I read last week.
Such books as I have read are classical works.
定语从句练习
The book ______ is yellow was given to me by Mr. Li.
2. Who was the grey-haired old woman ______ at yesterday‘s meeting?
A) we saw her C) we saw
B) we saw whom D) she was seen
3. He makes good use of the time ______ he can spare.
A) when C) that
B) in that D) in which
4. I don‘t know the room ______
A) where our headmaster lives in
B) our headmaster lives in
C) in that our headmaster lives
D) in which does our headmaster live
5. This is the least interesting book ______
A) which I have ever read C) what I have ever read
B) I have ever read D) which I have ever read
6. You must do everything _____ I have told you to.
A) which B) that C) when D) how
7. Has all _____ can be done _____?
A) what/done
C) that/been done B) that/be done
大家网 11 / 17 D) what/ already done
8. Oct. 1, 1949 is the day _____ even a small child can well remember.
A) when B) that C) what D) why
9. That was the room ______ they pretended to be working hard.
A) which B) in that C) in which D) that
10. This is the reason ______ I love to read the story.
A) Why
B) because C) when D) since
11. She had three sons, all ______ became doctors.
A) of which B) which C) of whom D) who
12. Have you bought the same dictionary ______ I referred to yesterday?
A) that B) which C) what D) as
13. The doctor ______ stepped in.
A) Della was waiting for him
B) whom Della was waiting
14. I want to buy such a dictionary _____ you bought last week.
A) that B) what C) like D) as
15. This is the TV station ______ we visited last year.
A) Where
B) that C) to which D) in which
16. Do you still remember the days ______ we spent together in Australia?
A) when B) during which C) which D) on which
17. Have you ever asked him the reason _____ may explain his absence?
A) why B) when C) that D) what
18. Mary is good at English and mathematics, ______ we all know very well in our school.
A) that B) what C) / D) as
19. Let‘s go and visit Mr. Brown, ______ you know visited us last year.
A) that B) who C) whom D) whose
20. She is pleased with ______ you have given her and ______ you have told her.
A) that/that B) what/that C) what/all what D) all/what
21. I, who ____ your friend, will try my best to help you.
A) be
B) am C) are D) is
22. I‘ll remember the days and nights ______ we were together in Australia.
A) when B) that C) at which D) at when
23. The world ______ is made up of matter.
A) in that we live
B) where we live in
C) on which we live D) we live in
24. This is the most difficult book ______.
A) what I have ever read C) which I have ever read
B) I have ever read it D) that I have ever read
25. There comes a time in every man‘s life ______.
A) then he has to think C) when he has to think
B) therefore he has to think
D) about which he has to think
26. He spoke confidently, _____ impressed me most.
A) so that B) that C) it
D) which
27. He took down a square green bottle, _____ he poured into a dish.
A) its content B) which content C) the content of which D) the content of that
28.
29. All _____ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.
A) what is needed B) for our needs C) the thing needed D) that is needed
30. The goals _____ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A) after which B) for which C) with which D) at which
31. The time is not far away _____ modern communications will become widespread in China‘s vast
countryside.
A) when B) as C) until D) before
32. The residents, _____ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.
A) all whose homes
C) all of whose homes
B) all their homes D) all of their homes
33. Language is a city, to the building of _____ every human being brought a stone.
A) which B) that C) it D) this
34. You will want two trees about ten feet apart, from _____ to suspend your tent.
A) there
occur.
A) what
B) which 大家网 13 / 17 35. The mere fact _____ most people believe nuclear war would be madness does not mean that it will not C) that D) why
36. The course normally attracts 20 students per year, _____ up to half will be from overseas.
A) of whom B) for whom C) with which D) in which
37. I‘ve never been to Beijing, but it‘s the place _____.
A) where I‘d like to visit
C) in which I‘d like to visit
B) I most want to visit D) that I want to visit it most
38. We grow all our own fruit and vegetables, _____ saves money, of course.
A) which B) as C) that D) what
39. Today the public is much concerned about the way _____.
A) nature is being ruined B) which nature is ruined
C) on which to ruin nature D) of nature to be ruined
常用连词
等立连词：and , so , not only ~ but also , neither ~ now , or , otherwise , either ~ or , but , yet , still , however , while ,whereas, for
主从连词 that , whether , if
连接代词 who , whom , whose , what , where , which
连接副词 when , where , why , how
倒装句转自环 球 网 校edu24ol.com
Never , Scarcely , hardly , rarely , little , nowhere , no sooner ~ than , not only , in no case , in no way , on no accoune , at no time , under no circumstances (这些词或词组放在句首作壮语时)
There be 句型和大多数的疑问句都是倒装句
Here , there , then , thus 等副词放在句首时，谓语动词为come , be , exist , follow 等不及物动词时，句子一般都为全部倒装 Here is a book for you . Here comes the bus .
句首为 so , nor , neither 等副词时、表明前句说明的情况也适用于本句时 ，句子为倒装
Richard can speak Japanese . So can his sister
在虚拟语气中，非真实条件从句中的连词省略时，句子为倒装。这时，倒装到主语前的助动次 had ,should 和动词were 。 Had I left a little earlier , I would have missed the train
so / nor / neither + 系动词/ 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语
表示前句中谓语所说明的情况也同样适用于后句中的主语，用到装。
He doesn‘t like music . Nor / Neither do I .
在Hardly ~~ when 和 No sooner ~~ than 以及 Not until 的句型中，由于否定词或否定词组放在句首，主句部分中的主、谓要到装———助动词 + 主语 + 动词原形
No sooner had he got well than he left the hospital .
直接引语和间接引语转自环 球 网 校edu24ol.com
John said , ― I ‗m going to London with my father .‖
John said that he was going to London with his father .
一般疑问句变成以if (whether ) 引导的宾语从句
He said , ―Have you all understood this passage ?‖
He asked the class if they had all understood that passage 。
祈使句变为动词不定式， 作等动词的宾语补足语。表示命令时常用 tell , order 等;表示请求时常用 The manager said to the clerk , ―Be polite to all the clients .‖
The manager told the clerk to be polite to all the clients .
如主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时，间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语的原来时态 He says , ― I am very busy reading the book .‖
He says that he is very busy reading the book .
如主句谓语动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词应发生如下变化：
一般现在时———一般过去时
现在进行时———过去进行时转自环 球 网 校edu24ol.com
一般将来时———过去将来时
现在完成时———过去完成时
一般过去时———过去完成时 过去完成时不变
直接引语转换成间接引语时，代词一般相应变化如下：
this -- that last week – the week before
therse – those three days ago – three days before
now – then tomorrow – the next day
today – that day next week – the (next ) following week
this week – that week here -- there
yesterday – the day before come – go
介词
at 表示确切的时间点或较短暂的一段时间 at two o‘clock
in 表示一天中的各部分时间或较长的时间 in the morning , in spring , in 1967
on表示具体的某一天或某一天的上午或下午 on Sunday , on Monday afternoon
at one time 过去有段时间、从前
at the same time 同时转自环 球 网 校edu24ol.com
on time 按时
below 表示低于 ， 温度低于多少度
above 表示高于 ， 温度高于多少度
几个形容词修饰一个名词的时候，排列顺序如下：
好坏、美丑等 + 大小、新旧、颜色 + 质地、属性 + 名词
和前缀a- 组成的形容词只能做表语而不能做定语， afraid , alive , alike ,alone , ashamed , asleep , awake etc.
非谓语动词
forget to do something 忘了而没有做某事
forget doing something 忘了已做过某事
remember doing something 记得已经做过的事情
stop to do something 停下正做的事情去做别的事情
stop doing something 停下手中正在做的事
go on to do something 接下来做另一件事情
go on doing something 继续做一直在做的事情
动词need , want , require 和形容词 worth 后，可接动名词的主动形式来表示被动的意义 现在分词的被动式与及物动词的过去分词都表示被动：
前者表示被修饰的名词正在承受的行为 The problem being discussed is important 后者表示承受过了的行为 The problem discussed yesterday was important .
情态动词转自环 球 网 校edu24ol.com
must + have + 过去分词，表示对过去的某事做出肯定性的判断;
Need not + have +过去分词 表示过去做了本没有必要做的事情
主谓一致 (语法一致、意义一致、就近)
谓语动词用单数：
不定式、动名词或名词性结构从句作主语时;
事件、国名、机构名称、作品名称作主语时;
one , every , everyone , everybody , each , one of , many a , either , neither , no one , nobody , anybody ,some body 做主语或修饰主语时;
表示时间、距离、金钱、体积、数字等词语作主语表示总量时;
a person of , a series of , a kind of 等表示一个、一种、一系列等词组用来修饰主语时; 集体名次作主语表示一个整体概念时。
谓语动词用复数转自环 球 网 校edu24ol.com
both , few , many , several 等词语作主语或修饰主语时;(some 不一定)
形容词前加定冠词用于泛指一类时; 大家网 17 / 17
cattle , people , police , clothes 等名词作主语时; 由and 连接两个主语时;
a number of 修饰主语时。