2023年北京卷英语高考真题解析

第一节(共15分)

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

I was always timid(羞怯的). Being new to the school made me even ____1____ , so it was surprising I’d ____2____ to anyone around me. Now I was paying the price﹣to write a five﹣page essay on “Why I Should Not Talk in Class”. That would take all night!

After I got home, though. I took my time petting the cat﹣postponing the pain.

When I finally sat down to ____3____, I began with the reasons Ms Black would want to hear.

Talking kept me and my neighbours from ____4____. One paragraph down; now what? I chewed on my pencil. Aha! What if talking were the first step towards life as a criminal? Without the education I was throwing away, I’d turn to theft and go to prison. When I got out, people would say, “She used to talk in class.” The pages began ____5____.

But when mum got home from work, I was still ____6____, “Five pages! That’s impossible!”

“Well, you’d better get back to work,” she said. “and I want to read it when you’re through.”

Soon after dinner, I handed the essay to mum. I half expected a____7____﹣at least an “I hope you’ve learned your lesson”. ____8____, mum laughed and laughed as she read.

The next day, when Ms Black read the essay to the class, everyone laughed. I could ____9____ they weren’t making fun of me: they laughed because I had the power to tell a funny story. My____10____ still needed some nudging(激发), but I did learn I wasn’t shy in print.

1. A. freer B. shyer C. calmer D. happier

2. A. nod B. point C. listen D. chat

3. A. weep B. rest C. write D. read

4. A. learning B. playing C. planning D. laughing

5. A. standing out B. flying by C. breaking up D. checking in

6. A. celebrating B. longing C. complaining D. warning

7. A. lecture B. reason C. reward D. solution

8. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. Meanwhile D. Instead

9. A. hope B. imagine C. tell D. predict

10. A. patience B. confidence C. tolerance D. independence

第二节(共15分)

A

阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as ones on punctuality (守时). I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I ____11____(throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up ____12____(exact) on time. Years later, having moved to France. I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest____13____(arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit.

B

阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their complex roots. When ____14____(see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid.

Mangroves can help soften waves and protect ____15____(city) from coastal winds. For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China ____16____(establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.

C

阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Nina has run marathons in 32 countries. All of her runs have a guiding purpose: to call attention ____17____ global water issues. Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, ____18____ thousands were attending a water conference.She called for action ____19____(address)the struggles of people around the world ____20____(face) “too little water or too dirty water”. Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called“Run Blue”.

第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)

第一节(共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

The International Olympic Committee(IOC)Young Leaders programme empowers talents to make a positive difference in their communities through sport. Twenty-five Young Leaders are being selected every two years for a four-year period. They promote the Olympic values, spreading the message of sport for good.

To be an IOC Young Leader, you need to first complete the 4-Week Learning Sprint (冲刺).

4-Week Learning Sprint

The 4-Week Learning Sprint, which will take place during November 2023, is a virtual learning programme. The sessions can be attended live or watched back after they are made available on the IOC channel. Each week, participants will be asked to complete a topic﹣specific reflection task.

The 4-Week Learning Sprint is open to anyone, with the target audience aged between 20 and 28.

After successfully completing the 4-Week Learning Sprint, you will need to submit a plan for a sport﹣based project, which you will work on if selected as an IOC Young Leader.

Requirements for the Applicants

?You have successfully completed the 4-Week Learning Sprint.

?You have completed your high school studies.

?You have at least one year of work experience.

?You have strong public speaking skills.

?You are self-motivated and committed.

?You are passionate about creating positive change in your community.

?You are open to being coached and advised by experts and peers (同伴).

?You are able to work with people from different backgrounds.

21. In the 4-Week Learning Sprint, participants will ________.

A. create change in their community B. attend a virtual learning programme

C. meet people from different backgrounds D. promote the IOC Young Leaders project

22. If selected as an IOC Young Leader, one will need to ________.

A. complete a reflection task each week B. watch sports on the IOC channel

C. work on a sport-based project D. coach and advise their peers

23. Which is a requirement for the applicants?

A. Spreading the message of sport for good. B. Having at least one-year work experience.

C.Showing great passion for project planning. D. Committing themselves to becoming an expert.

Sitting in the garden for my friend’s birthday. I felt a buzz (振动) in my pocket. My heart raced when I saw the email sender’s name. The email started off: “Dear Mr Green, thank you for your interest” and “the review process took longer than expected.” It ended with “We are sorry to inform you…”and my vision blurred (模糊). The position—measuring soil quality in the Sahara Desert as part of an undergraduate research programme — had felt like the answer I had spent years looking for.

I had put so much time and emotional energy into applying, and I thought the rejection meant the end of the road for my science career.

So I was shocked when, not long after the email, Professor Mary Devon, who was running the programme, invited me to observe the work being done in her lab. I jumped at the chance, and a few weeks later I was equally shocked—and overjoyed—when she invited me to talk with her about potential projects I could pursue in her lab. What she proposed didn’t seem as exciting as the original project I had applied to, but I was going to give it my all.

I found myself working with a robotics professor on techniques for collecting data from the desert remotely. That project, which I could complete from my sofa instead of in the burning heat of the desert, not only survived the lockdown but worked where traditional methods didn’t. In the end, I had a new scientific interest to pursue.

When I applied to graduate school, I found three programmes promising to allow me to follow my desired research direction. And I applied with the same anxious excitement as before. When I was rejected from one that had seemed like a perfect fit, it was undoubtedly difficult. But this time I had the perspective (视角) to keep it from sending me into panic. It helped that in the end I was accepted into one of the other programmes I was also excited about.

Rather than setting plans in stone, I’ve learned that sometimes I need to take the opportunities that are offered, even if they don’t sound perfect at the time, and make the most of them.

24. How did the author feel upon seeing the email sender’s name?

A. Anxious. B. Angry. C. Surprised. D. Settled.

25. After talking with Professor Devon, the author decided to ________.

A. criticise the review process B. stay longer in the Sahara Desert

C. apply to the original project again D. put his heart and soul into the lab work

26. According to the author, the project with the robotics professor was ________.

A. demanding B. inspiring C. misleading D. amusing

27. What can we learn from this passage?

A. An invitation is a reputation. B. An innovation is a resolution.

C. A rejection can be a redirection. D. A reflection can be a restriction.

In recent years, researchers from diverse fields have agreed that short-termism is now a significant problem in industrialised societies. The inability to engage with longer-term causes and consequences leads to some of the world’s most serious problems: climate change, biodiversity collapse, and more. The historian Francis Cole argues that the West has entered a period where “only the present exists, a present characterised at once by the cruelty of the instant and by the boredom of an unending now”.

It has been proved that people have a bias (偏向) towards the present, focusing on loud attractions in the moment at the expense of the health, well-being and financial stability of their future selves or community. In business, this bias surfaces as short-sighted decisions. And on slow-burning problems like climate change, it translates into the unwillingness to make small sacrifices (牺牲) today that could make a major difference tomorrow. Instead, all that matters is next quarter’s profit, or satisfying some other near-term desires.

These biased perspectives cannot be blamed on one single cause. It is fair to say, though, that our psychological biases play a major role. People’s hesitancy to delay satisfaction is the most obvious example, but there are others.One of them is about how the most accessible information in the present affects decisions about the future. For instance, you might hear someone say: “It’s cold this winter, so I needn’t worry about global warming.”Another is that loud and urgent matters are given too much importance, making people ignore longer-term trends that arguably matter more. This is when a pop star draws far more attention than, say, gradual biodiversity decline.

As a psychologist once joked, if aliens (外星人) wanted to weaken humanity, they wouldn’t send ships; they would invent climate change. Indeed, when it comes to environmental transformations, we can develop a form of collective “poor memory”, and each new generation can believe the state of affairs they encounter is nothing out of the ordinary. Older people today, for example, can remember a time with insect-covered car windscreens after long drives. Children, on the other hand, have no idea that insect population has dropped dramatically.

28. The author quotes Francis Cole mainly to ________.

A. draw a comparison

B. introduce a topic

C. evaluate a statement

D. highlight a problem

29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A.Climate change has been forgotten.

B. Lessons of history are highly valued.

C. The human mind is bad at noting slow change.

D. Humans are unwilling to admit their shortcomings.

30. What does the author intend to tell us?

A. Far-sighted thinking matters to humans.

B. Humans tend to make long-term sacrifices.

C. Current policies facilitate future decision-making.

D. Bias towards the present helps reduce near-term desires.

What is life? Like most great questions, this one is easy to ask but difficult to answer. The reason is simple: we know of just one type of life and it’s challenging to do science with a sample size of one. The field of artificial life-called ALife for short — is the systematic attempt to spell out life’s fundamental principles. Many of these practitioners, so-called ALifers, think that somehow making life is the surest way to really understand what life is.

So far no one has convincingly made artificial life. This track record makes ALife a ripe target for criticism, such as declarations of the field’s doubtful scientific value. Alan Smith, a complexity scientist, is tired of such complaints. Asking about “the point” of ALife might be, well, missing the point entirely, he says. “The existence of a living system is not about the use of anything.” Alan says. “Some people ask me, ‘So what’s the worth of artificial life?’ Do you ever think, ‘What is the worth of your grandmother?’”

As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research’s applications, the attempts to create artificial life could have practical payoffs. Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife’s cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution (演化). This is the capacity for a system to create essentially endless complexity, to be a sort of “novelty generator”. The only system known to exhibit this is Earth’s biosphere. If the field of ALife manages to reproduce life’s endless “creativity” in some virtual model, those same principles could give rise to truly inventive machines.

Compared with the developments of Al, advances in ALife are harder to recognize. One reason is that ALife is a field in which the central concept — life itself — is undefined. The lack of agreement among ALifers doesn’t help either. The result is a diverse line of projects that each advance along their unique paths. For better or worse, ALife mirrors the very subject it studies. Its muddled (混乱的) progression is a striking parallel (平行线) to the evolutionary struggles that have shaped Earth biosphere.

Undefined and uncontrolled,nbsp;ALife drives its followers to repurpose old ideas and generated novelty. It may be, of course, that these characteristics aren’t in any way surprising or singular. They may apply universally to all acts of evolution. Ultimately ALife may be nothing special. But even this dismissal suggests something：perhaps, just like life itself throughout the universe, the rise of ALife will prove unavoidable.

31. Regarding Alan Smith’s defence of ALife, the author is.

A. supportive B. puzzled C. unconcerned D. doubtful

32. What does the word “enamored” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?

A.Shocked. B. Protected. C. Attracted. D. Challenged.

33. What can we learn from this passage?

A. ALife holds the key to human future. B. ALife and AI share a common feature.

C. AI mirrors the developments of ALife. D. AI speeds up the process of human evolution.

34. Which would be the best title for the passage?

A. Life Is Undefined. Can AI Be a Way Out?

B. Life Evolves. Can AI Help ALife Evolve, Too?

C. Life Is Undefined. Can ALife Be Defined One Day?

D. Life Evolves. Can Attempts to Create ALife Evolve, Too?

第二节(共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。

It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision. ____35____

When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings. ____36____

Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. ____37____ The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.

Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding. ____38____ Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the result? Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates.

____39____ Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.

What should students and their families do? They should give strong consideration to universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower.

A. Higher education has achieved its true potential.

B. Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.

C. Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor.

D. However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.

E. Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.

F. They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.

G. In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.

第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)

第一节(共4题;第(1)、(2)题各2分，第(3)题3分，第(4)题5分，共12分)

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

Habit formation is the process by which behaviours become automatic. People develop countless habits as they explore the world, whether they are aware of them or not. Understanding how habits take shape may be helpful in changing bad habits.

Habits are built through learning and repetition. A person is thought to develop a habit in the course of pursuing goals by beginning to associate certain cues(刺激) with behavioural responses that help meet the goal. Over time, thoughts of the behaviour and ultimately the behaviour itself are likely to be triggered(触发) by these cues.

A “habit loop(环)” is a way of describing several related elements that produce habits. These elements are called the cue, the routine, and the reward. For example, stress could serve as a cue that one responds to by eating, which produces the reward﹣the reduction of stress. While a routine involves repeated behaviour, it’s not necessarily performed in response to a deep﹣rooted urge, as a habit is.

Old habits can be difficult to shake, and healthy habits are often harder to develop. But through repetition, it’s possible to form new habits. The amount of time needed to build a habit will depend on multiple factors, including the individual and the intended behaviour. While you are able to pickup a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit. Take some time to think about what leads to bad habits and re﹣evaluate what you get out of them (or don’t). Consider and keep in mind why you want to make a change, including how the change reflects your values.

40. How are habits built?

________________________________________________________________

41. In what way is a routine different from a habit?

________________________________________________________________

42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.

Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time.

________________________________________________________________

43. What benefit(s) have you got from one of your good habits?(In about 40 words)

________________________________________________________________

第二节(20分)

44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim正在策划一次以“绿色北京”为主题的社团活动，他发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：

(1)活动形式;

(2)活动内容。

注意：(1)词数100左右;

(2)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Jim，

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours，

Li Hua

参考答案

第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)

第一节(共15分)

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

第二节(共15分)

A

11.would throw

12.exactly

13.had arrived

B

14.seen

15.cities

16.has established

C

17.to

18.where

19.to address

20.facing

第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)

第一节(共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

第二节(共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。

第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)

第一节(共4题;第(1)、(2)题各2分，第(3)题3分，第(4)题5分，共12分)

40.Habits are built through learning and repetition.

41.A routine involves repeated behaviour while a habit is a deep﹣rooted urge.

42.Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time. Because building a healthy habit takes many months.

43.I have a good habit of going to bed early and getting up early. Therefore, I can study energetically every morning, which makes me study efficiently. Also, I am very healthy.

第二节(20分)

44.Dear Jim,

Hearing that you are planning a club activity with the theme of “Green Beijing” and need my help, I am writing to offer you my suggestions.

I think you can carry out this activity in an interactive and experiential manner, which means students can participate and have a better understanding of “Green Beijing” through getting involved in different activities by themselves. You can showcase garbage classification on site, plant trees and publicize sharing economy, which will all fit into the theme of “Green Beijing”.

Hopefully, you will get some inspiration from my suggestions. Wish you success.

Yours,

Li Hua

提高高考英语成绩的方法

1、提升英语学习兴趣

高中生英语成绩不好，其核心就是对高中英语没有什么兴趣，学习动力不足。如果每一次翻开英语课本都是一种“折磨”，那学英语就会成为一种负担。与其每天都生活在“痛苦”中，不如转变观念，从英语学习中找寻乐趣，来享受英语学习的过程，如：记单词的成就感、一口流利的英语的自豪感，这些都能让我们对英语产生兴趣，这样才能主动学、认真学。

2、制定英语学习计划

制定英语学习计划要注意四点：要有切实可行的目标、要把时间充分利用起来、遵循“要事第一”原则，要落实到行动上，只有注意这四个方面，制定出来的计划才更加实用。

还需要注意的是，不少学生在制定学习计划时充满了热情，但是只有“三分钟热度”，不能持之以恒，荀况曾说，锲而舍之，朽木不折;锲而不舍，金石可镂。只有把好的计划坚持执行下去，才能在学习中有所体现。

3、提升英语词汇量

英语单词就相当于语文中的汉字，如果基本的词汇都不会，就无法理解文章的意思，无法写出高质量的英语作文，单词是英语的基本构成部分，只有掌握了一定量的单词才能提升英语的阅读理解能力和写作能力。提升英语词汇量其实非常简单，只需每天不断的练习、记忆，营造英语学习环境，这样才会不断进步。

4、多听多说多写，熟能生巧

英语是一门语言学科，如果在具体的环境中学起来会特别的快，把耳朵磨出来，把舌头练出来，英语才能学好。为什么长期在国外的人英语好，就是因为听得多、说得多。具体到我们实际学习中，还要加上“写得多”，记忆科学通过实验证明：眼耳鼻舌口的综合运用，才能更快的接收新的事物，所以学英语就要多听、多说、多写。

高考英语阅读理解的解题方法

1、主旨大意题

主旨大意题主要考查学生对所读材料(或所读材料片断)中心思想的概括。做这类题时，考生应通读全文，把握文章大意或中心思想，同时注意文章的主题句，因为主题句表达中心思想，其他句子均围绕主题句进行展开。主题句通常位于文章第一段首句、第一段末句或全文末句等地方，但位于段落中间(通常是第一段或最后一段的中间)也是完全可能的。主旨大意题的考查形式很多，如概括标题、主题、段意、中心思想等。

2、代词指代题

这类题要求考生根据一定的上下文推测代词的指代意义，它主要考查考生在一定语境中对上下文逻辑关系的正确理解。做这类题时，考生不仅要读懂相关句子的句意，理顺相关句子的逻辑关系，而且还要学会合理变通，尤其要学会变通理解其中的同义表达。

3、顾名思义，事实细节题即指针对文章的某个事实或细节而设置的试题。事实细节题的命题方法很多，如可能是对某个细节用同义结构转换后进行考查、也可能是将文章中的几个细节(通常是四个)放在一起要求考生判断是非(选出正确的一项或选出错误的一项)或对几个细节进行排序等。解答这类试题时，一个常用的方法就是运用定位法，即根据题干或选项中的线索词从原文中找到相关的句子，与选项进行比较从而确定答案。

4、推理判断题

即要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，同学们应严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气等，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。

5、词义猜测题

即要求考生根据一定的上下文猜测生词的词义。它是高考英语阅读理解中的一个难点，同学们应引起充分重视。猜测生词词义的方法很多，常用的有同义解释法、因果推断法、前后对比法、基本构词法、语境理解法、举例说明法、常识背景法、类属分析法等。