高考英语书面表达常见的词性误用
书面表达是同学门容易丢分的部分,越是到最后越要重视写作,要多看一些范文,多背一些好句,不要忘了:熟读唐诗三百首,不会写来也会吟。另外还要用一些常用动词和句式,做一些汉译英的练习。临阵磨枪,不快也光。今天学习啦小编为大家精心准备的是:高考英语书面表达作文写作中常见的词性误用汇编。具体内容如下,内容仅供参考阅读,希望可以对大家有所帮助!
[高考英语]书面表达中词性的误用
误:Her successful is a great pleasure to her parents.
正:Her success is a great pleasure to her parents.
译:他的成功对他父母来说是件高兴的事。
析:形容词性物主代词后面应接名词或动名词,successful是形容词,故her后应j接successful的名词形式 success。
误:Don’t worried! We still have enough time.
正:Don’t worry/be worried! We still have enough time.
译:别担心,我们仍有足够的时间。
析:Don’t后面应接动词原形,worried是形容词。
(8)固定搭配错误
固定搭配是指英语中一些不能随意更改的习惯表达,固定搭配中的词不能随意改动、增加或减少,固定搭配要前后一致等,如果随意改动或增减词语,往往容易造成错误。
误:Mary became interested on Chemistry.
正:Mary became interested in Chemistry.
译:玛丽开始对化学感兴趣了。
析:be interested in sth / doing sth是固定搭配,不可随便更改其中的介词。
误:They stopped on the A64 among York and Leeds.
正:They stopped on the A64 between York and Leeds.
译:他们停在约克和利兹之间的A64高速公路上。
析:在英语中,between 一般指两者之间,其宾语往往是表示两者的名词或代词,或者是由and连接的两个人或物;among一般用于三者或三者以上的“在……中间”,其宾语通常是一个表示笼统数量或具有复数(或集合)意义的名词或代词。
误:There use to be low and dirty houses.
正:There used to be low and dirty houses.
译:那里曾是些矮而肮脏的房舍。
析:used to意为“过去经常”。
误:At the begin of the term, I found it difficult to study English.
正:At the beginning of the term, I found it difficult to study English.
译:在这学期初,我觉得学英语很困难。
析:at the beginning of是固定搭配,意为“在……之初”。
误:I’ll also do plenty of exercise, which won’t give me any harm either.
正:I’ll also do plenty of exercise, which won’t do me any harm either.
译:我也会做大量的运动,这也是对身体无害的。
析:表示“对……有害”的短语是do harm to sb/do sb harm。
[高考英语]书面表达中连词的误用
误:They sat down and talk about the adventure.
正:They sat down and talked about the adventure.
译:他们坐下谈论那次奇遇。
析:and连接的是两个并列的谓语,它们的时态应该是一致的,所以talk要用过去式。
误:Mary and John started to dance and sang.
正:Mary and John started to dance and sing.
译:玛丽和约翰开始跳舞唱歌。
析:and连接两个并列的动词不定式,第二个不定式往往可以省略不定式符号to。
误:He not only read the book but also remember what he had read.
正:He not only read the book but also remembered what he had read.
译:他不仅读书,而且记得住他所读过的内容。
析:not only…but also连接的是两个并列的谓语,所以read和remember 都要用过去式。
误:Although my car is very old, but it still runs very well.
正:Although my car is very old, it still runs very well.
译:我的汽车虽然很旧,但仍然跑得很好。
析:汉语中可以说“虽然……但是”,英语中却只要用although或but就可以表示相同的意思。一个句子中用了although或though,就不能再使用but, however, and,但是可以用yet,如:Although John was weak, yet he tried his best to do the work. 约翰尽管很虚弱,但是他尽力做他的工作。
误:Because the dog was hungry, so we fed it.
正:The dog was hungry, so we fed it.
译:狗饿了,所以我们喂它。
析:在这个句子中,because和so只能用一次,英语主从复合句只需要用一个连词就可以把两个从句连接起来了。句子中用了because, since及as以后,就不能再使用so或therefore了。
[高考英语]书面表达中介词的误用
有些同学因为没有熟练掌握英语介词的用法,不了解中英文语言习惯的不同,也会出现明显的错误,如多用介词或缺少介词,造成丢分现象。
误:I came back because the rain.
正:I came back because of the rain.
译:因为下雨,所以我回来了。
析:because 是连词,其后接句子;because of 是介词短语,其后接名词、代词、动名词、what 从句等。
误:Will you marry with me?
正:Will you marry me?
译:你愿意同我结婚吗?
析:marry可表示“与……结婚”,即marry with sb中的介词with 是多余的,应去掉。类似地,serve for sb (为某人服务) 中的介词for也是多余的,应去掉;discuss about sth (讨论某事) 中的介词about 也是多余,应去掉。
误:She entered into the kitchen.
正:She entered the kitchen.
译:她进了厨房。
析:enter是及物动词,后面不用加介词就可直接带宾语。
误:He did not wait a reply.
正:He did not wait for a reply.
译:他没有等待答复。
析:wait为不及物动词,需加介词for后才能再跟名词或代词做宾语。
误:I finished the work under the help of the comrades.
正:I finished the work with the help of the comrades.
译:在同志们的帮助下我完成了工作。
析:表示“在……的帮助下”用介词with而不用under。
[高考英语]书面表达中冠词的误用
英语中只有三个冠词,同学们常常是由于对定冠词和不定冠词用法以及区别分辨不清而出现的错误。常见的错误有以下三种:一是不定冠词a和an互改,二是不定冠词a, an与定冠词the互改,三是根据需要增删冠词。
误:It’s a tallest building in the world.
正:It’s the tallest building in the world.
译:这是世界上最高的建筑物。
析:形容词最高级前面应用定冠词the修饰。
误:That’s a second time you’ve asked me that.
正:That’s the second time you’ve asked me that.
译:这是你第二次问我那件事。
析:序数词前面必须用定冠词the修饰,而不能用不定冠词。
误:He taught himself to play a violin.
正:He taught himself to play the violin.
译:他自学了拉小提琴。
析:乐器前面要加定冠词the。
误:She is now an university student.
正:She is now a university student.
译:她现在是大学生。
析:university虽然以原音字母开头,但其读音却是以辅音开头,所以它前面应该用a而不是an。类似的词还有European, useful, usual, united, one-way等。还有一些单词虽然是以辅音字母开头,但读音却是以原音开头,这时它们前面就要用an,这类词有hour, honest, honor等。
误:Are you to go there by the bike or by the bus?
正:Are you to go there by bike or by bus?
译:你骑车还是坐车去?
析:表示交通方式用by直接加交通工具,其前不要加冠词。
误:In 30s there was a lot of unemployment.
正:In the 30s there was a lot of unemployment.
译:三十年代失业现象严重。
析:定冠词用于整十的复数数词前,表示几十年代。
[高考英语]书面表达中代词的误用
英语中代词的形式很多,包括主格、宾格、人称代词、物主代词、反身代词以及它们的单复数等。而汉语中的代词则没有主格和宾格、形容词性物主代词和名次性物主代词之分,此外,汉语中很多时候不用物主代词,而英语中物主代词是不可省略的。在英语考试中,代词的误用是同学们最容易发生的错误。
代词的变化形式首先要与其所指代的对象一致,其次要符合上下文的一致性及其逻辑关系。
误:I sister and I went to the supermarket and bought some apples.
正:My sister and I went to the supermarket and bought some apples.
译:我和我妹妹去超市买了些苹果。
析:汉语中可以说“我妹妹”,但在英语中却要表达成“my sister”,要用形容词性物主代词。
误:The Bens did his best to help me.
正:The Bens did their best to help me.
译:班一家想尽办法帮助我。
析:因为前面的The Bens指的是复数的意思,后面的代词也应用复数。
误:These oranges are mine; those in the basket are her.
正:These oranges are mine; those in the basket are hers/her oranges.
译:这些橘子是我的,篮子里的那些是她的。
析:her是形容词性物主代词,后面应加名词oranges,或者把her改为名词性物主代词hers。
误:My husband and me are glad to be here.
正:My husband and I are glad to be here.
译:我丈夫和我很高兴来这里。
析:My husband 和 I 在句中都作主语,所以I要用主格。
[高考英语]书面表达中名词单复数的误用
在书面表达过程中,有很多同学把握不好名词的数以及一些集合名词的用法。名词单复数变动的依据主要有以下三种:一是名词本身属于单数还是复数,二是根据名词前的修饰成分,三是根据上下文的逻辑关系,看该名词在句子中指代的是单数还是复数。
误:Our journey by camel was quite experience.
正:Our journey by camel was quite an experience.
译:我们骑骆驼旅行真是一次难忘的经历。
析:experience作名词时,有两种意思,一个是为不可数名词,意为“经验”“体验”,一个是可数名词,意为“经历”“阅历”。在上面的例句中,experience显然是第二个意思,所以其前要加不定冠词。
误:A news is just coming in of a serious plane crash.
正:News is just coming in of a serious plane crash.
译:有关一宗严重的飞机失事的新闻正在传来。
析:news是不可数名词,其前不用加冠词。一些在汉语概念中为可数的词在英语中却是不可数的,在表示它们的数量时,要在其前加a piece of,类似的词还有:advice, bread, chalk, furniture, information, paper, work等。
误:After about one and a half hour, they finished the work.
正:After about one and a half hours, they finished the work.
译:大约一个半小时以后,他们做完了工作。
析:因为hour前有one and a half修饰,所以hour要用复数,one and a half后必须接复数名词。
误:She is going to open shop.
正:She is going to open a shop.
译:她准备开一个店铺。
析:可数名词单数不能单独使用,必须在其前加冠词或将其变为复数。
在英语中,一些集合名词如果看成是一个整体,则表示单数意义;若考虑集合中的个体行为,则表示复数意义。比较:
Her family is large. 她有一个大家庭。
Her family are having dinner. 她的家人正在吃饭。
类似的这类单词还有audience, class, team等。
[高考英语]书面表达中形容词与副词的误用
误:The young man worked very hardly and soon began to get ahead.
正:The young man worked very hard and soon began to get ahead.
译:那个年轻人很勤奋,他的事业很快有了进展。
析:句中修饰work的是副词,hardly虽然是副词,但是意为“几乎不”,所以用hard,意为“努力地”。
误:Cotton feels softly.
正:Cotton feels soft.
译:棉花摸上去很柔软。
析:feel在此处为系动词,其后应接形容词作表语。
误:She has no alive relatives.
正:She has no living relatives.
译:她没有活着的亲人。
析:alive是表语形容词,可做后置定语,但是不能做前置定语,所以句子中要用living。
误:For them enthusiasm is fairly more important than talent.
正:For them enthusiasm is a lot more important than talent.
译:对他们来说,热情比才华更为重要。
析:fairly只能修饰形容词和副词的原级,不能修饰比较级,可用于修饰形容词副词比较级的副词或短语有:a lot, a bit, a little, any, by far, even, far, much, no, rather, still等。
误:I knew terrible something had happened.
正:I knew something terrible had happened.
译:我知道有可怕的事情发生了。
析:修饰anything, something, everything, nothing等不定代词的形容词都要放在它们的后面,做后置定语。
误:This building is more taller than that one.
正:This building is taller than that one.
译:这幢楼房比那幢楼高。
析:more只构成比较级,而不能修饰比较级。
误:The weather here is nicer than Wuhan.
正:The weather here is nicer than that of Wuhan.
译:这儿的天气比武汉的天气好。
析:同样的事物才能相比较,句中的weather和Wuhan不具有可比性,只有“这里的天气”和“武汉的天气”才能放在一起比较。
误:I’d rather play tennis than swam.
正:I’d rather play tennis than swim.
译:我不想游泳,我宁愿去打网球。
误:She is the most beautiful of the two girls.
正:She is the more beautiful of the two girls.
译:她是两个姑娘中较漂亮的那个。
析:两者相比较时,比较级前用定冠词,三者或三者以上的比较才用most。
析:句中的词组为would rather do…than do,than后要接动词原形。
误:The tulip is the more beautiful flower in John’s garden.
正:The tulip is the most beautiful flower in John’s garden.
译:郁金香是约翰的花园中最美丽的花朵。
析:表示“……是……中最……的”时,当句子中修饰的名词是单数的时候,应该用“主语 + be + the + 形容词/ 副词最高级 + 单数名词”表示,不能用比较级。如果要用比较级表达最高级的意思,则可以使用“主语 + be + 形容词 / 副词比较级 + than + any other + 名词单数”来表示。上面的句子也可表达成 Tulip is more beautiful than any other flowers in John’s garden。