高三英语一轮复习知识点
高三英语一轮复习知识点：代 词
1.在强调句中人称代词的使用应该根据人称代词具体作什么成分而定。
It was I that first arrived at the airport.
2.句子中没有谓语动词，也就是说谓语动词被省略时，人称代词要用宾格。
—I’d like to go to climb the mountain this weekend.
—Me，too.
3.当说话者不清楚或没必要知道说话对象的性别时，可以用it来表示。
It’s a lovely baby.Is it a boy or a girl?
二、物主代词的用法
形容词性物主代词不与a，those，some，another，which等词同时修饰一个名词，但在双重所有格中可同时修饰一个名词，如：each sister of his。
三、反身代词的用法
含有反身代词的动词短语：
devote oneself to致力于
dress oneself自己穿衣
enjoy oneself过得快活
feel oneself觉得正常
四、指示代词的用法
1.this，that的用法
(1)在打电话时，this指自己，that指别人。
(2)习惯用法：that is to say也就是说。
2.such，so，same的用法
(1)such指如前所述的这样的人或事物。此时，如果遇到a/an，such必须放在其前;如果遇到no，two，several等词时，such必须置于其后。
Tom is such a nice person.
(2)so作指示代词时，代替一个句子或短语所表达的事情。
—Have you phoned your parents?
—No，but I’ll do so soon.
(3)same
①same必须与定冠词the连用，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语或定语。
The same happened once.
②the same后跟as用以引出所谈及的范围，as后可以是名词、代词，也可以是句子。
He is of the same age as you.
五、不定代词的用法
1.none，nobody/no one，nothing的用法区别
(1)none既可指人，也可指物，且表数量概念，常回答how many，how much引导的疑问句;nobody/no one只能指人，且表泛指概念，常回答who引导的疑问句;nothing只能指物，且表泛指概念，常回答what引导的疑问句。
—How much money do you have?
—None.
(2)none后面可跟of短语，而nothing和nobody/no one却不能。
None of them knew about the plan because it was kept a secret.
2.one与it用于替代时的区别
one用于指代与前面提到的相似的人或物;it用于指代前面所提到的同一件事或物。
Your hat is really pretty.I’d like to buy one.
Your skirt is beautiful.Where did you buy it?
六、几个特殊的短语
1.What for?为何目的?为何理由?(=Why?)
2.What if...?要是……会怎样呢?
3.What about/How about...?做……好吗?(用于征求意见，后面常接动名词)。
高三英语一轮复习知识点：主谓一致
一、就近一致原则
1.由or，not only...but also...，neither...nor...，either...or...，whether...or...，not...but...等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，通常根据就近一致原则，谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。
Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.
2.here/there引导一个句子而主语又不止一个时，通常根据就近原则，谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。
Here is a ruler，a few pencils and two copybooks.
二、意义一致原则
1.谓语动词必须用单数的情况
(1)表示学科的名词以及works(工厂)，news(消息)等作主语时，虽然本身为复数形式，但表示单数意义时，谓语动词仍用单数。
Politics is his favorite subject.
(2)表示某些组织机构的名词、书/报名、国名、地名等作主语时，虽然形式上是复数，但所表示的意义是单数，所以谓语动词用单数。
Do you know when the United Nations was set up?
2.谓语动词必须用复数的情况
表示总称意义的名词，如people，police，public，cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The police are searching for the murderer.
3.谓语动词的形式依据主语表示的意义而定
(1)集体名词，如family，class，group，team，club，company，government，population等作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据其在语境中表示的意义而定。当其表示集体意义，强调整体概念时，谓语动词用单数;当其表示集体中各个组成部分，强调个体概念时，谓语动词用复数。
As far as I know，his family is not very large but the family are all music lovers.
(2)“the+形容词/分词”表示“一类人”时，谓语动词用复数。
The poor were looked down upon in the old days.
三、语法一致原则
1.由and连接的两个名词作主语
(1)“a/the+名词单数+and+名词单数”表示一个人(双重身份)，谓语动词用单数。
The teacher and poet often gives lectures around the city.
(2)“a/the+名词单数+and+a/the+名词单数”表示两个人，谓语动词用复数。
The teacher and the poet have just arrived.
(3)“every+名词单数+and+every+名词单数”表示每一个人，谓语动词用单数。
Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education in our country.
(4)通常由两个部件组成的物品如：a knife and fork (一副刀叉)等作主语，谓语动词用单数。
Bread and butter is not to his taste.
2.表示时间、数量、长度及价格的名词，尽管有时是复数形式但常被看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
Is fifty pounds enough?
3.“分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据of后的名词的形式来定，如果名词是可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式;如果名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。
Twothirds of the books are about science.
Only 30% of the work was done yesterday.
相关练习题
1.Our company is seeking for a manager，especially________with creativity and imagination.
A.the one B.each
C.one D.that
答案 C
解析 考查代词的用法。此处one代替a manager。句意为：我们公司正在寻找一位经理，尤其是一位具有创造力和想象力的经理。
2.The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase________.
A.them B.those
C.it D.that
答案 C
解析 考查代词的用法。此处it表同一指代，指代the employment rate。句意为：就业率在大城市继续增长，这多亏了当地政府增加就业率的努力。
3.—Excuse me，do you want David or Brown to do it?
—________is up to the job，I’m afraid.
A.Either B.Both C.None D.Neither
答案 D
解析 考查代词的用法。句意为：——打扰一下，你想让David还是Brown做这项工作呢?——恐怕两者都不能胜任这项工作。neither表示“两者都不”，符合句意。
4.Some experts are warning that the step the US government has taken to deal with the current crisis is ________ of much risk.
A.ones B.those C.that D.one
答案 D
解析 考查代词的用法。此处one代替step。句意为：一些专家警告美国政府对待目前经济危机所采取的步骤是很危险的一步。
5.The old lady is said to have three children，two of ________ studying abroad.
A.whom B.them C.all D.who
答案 B
解析 “two of ________ studying abroad”不是句子而是独立主格结构，故选B。
6.I tried two different methods，yet ________ of them seemed to work very well.
A.neither B.none
C.each D.both
答案 A
解析 考查代词的用法。句意为：我试了两种不同的方法，但似乎没有一种起作用。根据two different ways可知选neither，表示“两者都不”。
7.If I can help ________，I prefer living in Hangzhou because the weather here is better than ________ of Zhengzhou.
A.that;that B.it;that
C.that;one D.it;it
答案 B
解析 it指代下文的内容;that指代上文中的不可数名词weather。
8.It is not J.K.Rowling but her works that ________ us excited.
A.makes B.is made
C.make D.are made
答案 C
解析 本句强调的是句子的主语，由not...but...连接名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词和but后的内容取得一致，故谓语动词应用复数形式，故答案为C。
9.________ likes money，but money is not ________.
A.Everyone;everything B.Anyone;anything
C.Someone;nothing D.Nobody;everything
答案 A
解析 not与everything构成部分否定。句意为：人人爱金钱，但金钱不是万能的。
10.Butter and bread ________ their daily food，but the bread and the butter ________ up now.
A.is;is eaten B.are;have been eaten
C.are;are eaten D.is;have been eaten
答案 D
解析 butter and bread抹上黄油的面包，已经是一种约定俗成的食物了，所以用单数形式;the bread and the butter意为“面包和黄油”，是两种食物，谓语动词用复数。
11.An average of 200 letters a week ________ received by the newspaper’s offer.Such ________ the case with us at present.
A.are;is B.has been;has been
C.have been;is D.is;are
答案 A
解析 an average of+名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数;the average of+名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数;第二个句子是倒装结构，主语是the case，故谓语动词用单数。
12.At the bus stop ________ a soldier and two young people on their way to the village.
A.were B.was C.is D.sits
答案 A
解析 表处所的介词短语置于句首时句子要用倒装，该句的主语是a soldier and two young people，所以谓语动词用复数形式。
13.The teacher together with the students ________ discussing Reading Skills that ________ newly published in America.
A.are;were B.is;were
C.are;was D.is;was
答案 D
解析 “主语+together with+名词/代词”结构中，句中谓语动词的数要根据前面的主语定;先行词Reading Skills应是一本书的名字，其定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
14.Either you or one of your students ________ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
A.are B.is C.have D.be
答案 B
解析 句意为：你或者你的一位学生要参加定于明天的会议。本题主语由either...or...连接，谓语动词要根据or之后的部分来确定单复数形式，该句中or后是one of your students，所以谓语动词用单数形式。
15.Dr.Smith，together with his wife and daughters，________ visit Beijing this summer.
A.is going to B.are going to
C.was going to D.were going to
答案 A
解析 当主语后出现together with/as well as等介词短语时，谓语动词的数与介词短语前的主语保持一致，故可排除B、D两项;根据时间状语this summer可知应用一般将来时态。
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