初三英语句子成分种类
英语句子与汉语句子一样,都是由单词按照一定的规则所组成的。在不同的词类中充当的成分也不同。下面学习啦小编整理了初三英语句子成分种类,希望对你的学习有帮助!
初三英语句子种类
组成句子的各部分叫做句子成分。句子的成分有:主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
二. 句子最基本的结构是:主语+谓语
主语:在句子中的位置是放在句首:可以作主语的词类有名词、代词、数词、不定式以及词组、从句等等。
e.g. The boys are playing football now. 名词作主语
Two and two are four. 数词作主语
To learn a foreign language is very useful. 动词不定式作主语 This is a key. 代词作主语。
谓语:谓语放在主语之后,动词作谓语,包括及物动词,不及物动词,系动词。
e.g. The students are reading books.
动词作谓语
表语:放在谓语之后,结构是:主语+谓语(系动词)+表语
用作表语的词有名词,代词,数词,形容词,副词,不定式,词组,从句等等。
e.g.
We are students. 名词作表语
This desk is hers. 代词作表语
Lee is fifteen. 数词作表语
Sarah’s car looks nice. 形容词作表语
Our plan is to plant trees. 动词不定式作表语
Is your father in? 表示地点的副词作表语
宾语:宾语放在谓语之后,结构是:主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语,宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语,直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人。
e.g. Please pass me the salt.
间接宾语 直接宾语
用作宾语的词有:名词,代词,数词,不定式短语,名词性的形容词或从句。
e.g.
Do you need any help?
名词作宾语
Would you like to help me? 代词作宾语
He bought ten oranges. 数词作宾语
The teacher wants to take these chairs out of the room.
动词不定式作宾语
宾语补足语:在句子中放在宾语之后,结构是:主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语
可以用作宾语补足语的词有:名词,形容词,不定式和分词。名词或者代词+形容词/名词/不定式/分词 e.g.
The good news made me happy. 形容词作宾补
Did you hear her sing just now? 动词不定式作宾补
I saw him cleaning the window yesterday. 分词作宾补
Let us have a rest. 不定式短语作宾补
状语:一般放在句尾,有时放句首或句中。作状语的词有:副词,介词短语、词组,不定式短语,分词短语第以及从句。
e.g. Immediately he started to sing. 副词放句首,作状语
I’m never late. 副词放句中作状语
He drives fast. 副词放句尾作状语。
Please park the car in front of the building. 介词短词作状语放句尾
They went to Shanghai to have a meeting. 动词不定式作状语
Jack watched TV day and night. 词组作状语
定语:请记住有名词或代词的地方都可以有定语。
一般情况下单个的名词,代词,形容词放在所修饰的名词之前,而词组、短语、从句要放在所修饰的名词之后。
可以用作定语的词有:形容词,代词,数词,名词或名词所有格、介词短语,不定式短语,词组,分词短语和从句。
e.g.
Ben is an old man. 形容词用作定语,放在名词之前。
Do you want another cake?
代词用作定语放在所修饰的名词前
The girl asked her mother two questions.
数词用作定语放在所修饰的名词之前。
The worker put the flowers in a paper bag.
名词用作定语放在所修饰的名词之前。
Who’s the man over there?
介词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词之后。
Could you bing me something to drink, please? 动词不定式作定语,放在不定代词之后。
The plane that can fly is a machine.
从句用作定语放在所修饰的名词之后。
三. 句子的结构:简单句,并列句和复合句 首先看简单句的五种基本句型
(1)主语+谓语(不及物动词) e.g. Summer is coming.
(2)主语+谓语(连系动词)+表语。 e.g. You are very busy.
(3)主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语 e.g. Mr Liu teaches English.
(4)主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语 e.g. Mum gave me a dictionary. = Mum gave a dictionary to me.