2016高考英语必考知识点(2)

　　2016高考英语必考知识点19

　　as引导的非限制性定语从句

　　在as引导的非限制性定语从句中，连接代词as在句子中可以作主语、宾语或表语等，可以指人或物。其在定语从句中的位置比较灵活，即可以在句子前面，在句子中间或句子末尾。常用的结构有：as we all know; as is well known to…; as is often the case; as is said/mentioned above; as has been said before; as i told you before; as is evident; as often happens; as can be seen; as is/was expected; as we expect; as i can remember等。

　　[注意1]as通常只指整个句子的内容，不表示部分内容。

　　[注意2]as引导的非限制性定语从句通常指“事先可以预料到的”“料想到的”，表达“好”的方面。

　　[注意3]as引导限制性定语从句时，常构成the same…as…; such…as…; so/as …as…等结构。在从句中既可以指人、物，也可以指整个句子。

　　[例句]

　　this is also part of your work， as i told you before. 我曾告诉过你，这也是你工作的一部分。

　　the man was a teacher， as was evident from his way of speaking. 从那人说话的样子可明显看出，他是个老师。

　　such ideas as he hits on are worthless. 像他那样偶然想起的主意是无用的。

　　it’s the same story as i heard from her yesterday. 这故事跟我从她那儿听到的相同。

　　he will marry as pretty a girl as he can find. 他要尽可能找漂亮的女孩结婚。

　　such people as have made great contributions to the world should be greatly respected.

　　那些对世界做出巨大贡献的人们应该受到极大的尊重。

　　2016高考英语必考知识点20

　　which引导的非限制性定语从句(也引导限制性定语从句)

　　which引导的非限制性定语从句既可以指整个句子内容，也可以指句子的部分内容(如单词或词组等)，在句子中可以作主语、宾语(动词或介词的)、定语等。注意它在句子中的位置：只能放在主句后，不能放在主句前。表达的内容是“不好的”、“事先没有预料到的”等时，常用which，只指物。

　　[例句]

　　yellowstone national park， which is in wyoming， is one of the most beautiful national parks in the world. 黄石国家公园位于怀俄明州，是世界上最美丽的国家公园之一。

　　the clock， which my grandfather bought， is still in good order. 这时钟是我祖父买的，现在还走时很准。

　　the picture， for which he paid an enormous amount of money， was a forgery.

　　那幅画他花了一大笔钱购买，却是幅赝品。

　　she changed her mind again， which made us all angry. 她又改变了主意，这使我们大家都生气了。

　　i lived three years in paris， during which time i learned french. 我在巴黎住了三年，在那期间我学了法语。

　　the weather turned out to be very good， which was more than we could expect. 天气结果转晴，

　　这是我们没有预料到的。

　　2016高考英语必考知识点21

　　(1)、疑问词+ever whatever， whoever， whichever， whenever，

　　wherever， however用来引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter和what， who， which， when， where， how连用。

　　[例句]

　　whatever (=no matter what) may happen， we shall not lose hope.

　　无论发生什么事，我们都不能失去希望。

　　whatever reasons you (may) have， you should carry out a promise. 无论你有什么理由，你都应该遵守诺言。

　　whoever (=no matter who) comes， he will be warmly welcome. 无论谁来，都会受到热烈欢迎。

　　whenever (=no matter when) it happened， it was certainly not yesterday.

　　此事无论发生在何时，但绝不是昨天。

　　whenever you (may) call， you will find her sitting by the window. 无论什么时候你去找她，你都会看到她坐在窗边。

　　wherever (=no matter where) he went， he made friends with people.

　　whichever (=no matter which) of them you many choose， the quality will be the same.

　　他们当中不论你选哪一个，品质都一样。

　　however (=no matter how) hard i have tried， i can‘t find the answer.

　　(2)、whatever， whoever， whichever， whomever等引导名词性从句，这时不能用no matter+疑问词替换。

　　[例句]

　　take whichever you want. 你要哪个就拿哪个。

　　we will do whatever we can to help him out. 我们要尽力帮助他摆脱困境。

　　i’ll show you whatever you want to see. 你想看什么我就给你看什么。

　　whoever did this job must be rewarded. 无论谁做这件事都要得到报酬。

　　whoever walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold. 任何人在这种大雨中行走都会患感冒。

　　you may invite whomever(口语中常用whoever代替)you like to the party. 你可以邀请你喜欢的人来参加晚会。

　　take whatever magazines you want to read. 你可以取阅任何你想读的杂志。

　　倒装结构

　　2016高考英语必考知识点22

　　全倒装2016高考英语必考知识点(一)

　　here， there， out， in， up， down， now， then， away等副词放在句首，句子需要全部倒装

　　[例句]

　　there goes the bell! = the bell is ringing. 铃响了!

　　here comes the bus. =the bus is coming. 汽车来了。

　　now comes your turn to make a short speech. 该轮到你发言了。

　　away went the thief when he saw the police.

　　then came the hour we had been looking forward to. 我们期盼的时候到了。

　　[注意]

　　(1)在这种情况下倒装仅限于不及物动词或be动词，像go， come， rush， live， stand， lie等。

　　(2)主语是人称代词时不要倒装。如：away he went. 他走远了。

　　2016高考英语必考知识点23

　　全倒装2016高考英语必考知识点(二)

　　表示方位的状语放在句首，句子全倒装;谓语动词多为be， lie， stand， sit， come， walk， run， stop etc. 不及物动词。

　　[例句]

　　on a hill in front of them stands a great castle. 在他们面前的山上矗立着一座巨大的城堡。

　　in front of the house stopped a police car. 房子的全面停着一辆警车。

　　around the corner walks a young policeman. 拐角处有个年轻的警察在行走。

　　under the tree sat a boy of about ten. 在树下坐着一个大约10岁的男孩。

　　2016高考英语必考知识点24

　　全倒装2016高考英语必考知识点(三)

　　(表语)adj. / v-ing / v-ed +(地点状语)+ be(或其他动词形式)…

　　so adj./adv…that…如此……以至于……(so引导的句子倒装，而that引导的句子不倒装!)(这种结构是半倒装句。)

　　[例句]

　　present at the meeting were the manager， all the designers and the writer. 出席会议的有经理，设计师和词作者。

　　fastened to the pole is the national flag. 旗杆上有一面国旗。

　　hidden behind the door were some naughty children. 有几个顽皮的孩子藏在门后面。

　　sitting at the back of the classroom were several old teachers， listening attentively to the new teacher. 坐在教室后面的是几位老教师，他们在认真地听新教师的课。

　　gone are the days when farmers lived in the poor houses.

　　农民住在破旧房子里的日子过去了。

　　typical for china is the crosstalk show， where a pair of comedians entertains the audience with word play. 相声是中国典型的喜剧，两个演员通过玩弄词藻来逗乐观众。

　　so clearly does he speak english that he can always make himself understood.

　　他说英语非常清晰，别人都能听懂他的话。

　　so fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光运行非常快，我们几乎无法想象它的速度。

　　2016高考英语必考知识点25

　　半倒装句(一)

　　否定意义的副词或短语放在句首，句子半倒装。这样的副词主要有：little， seldom， hardly， rarely， scarcely， never， not at all， by no means(决不)， at no time(在任何时候都不)，nowhere， in no case (无论如何都不);not in the least (=not at all) ， on no condition(决不) 等。

　　[例句]

　　never shall i forget you.

　　at no time was the man aware of what was happening. 那个人根本没有注意到发生的情况。

　　little did i understand what he said to me at that time. 我那时几乎没有明白他给我说的话。

　　it‘s beyond deion. nowhere else in the world can there be such a quiet， beautiful place.

　　那真是用语言难以形容。世界上没有其他地方会有这么安静、美丽的地方了。

　　not a single mistake did he make in the exam. 他在考试中没有犯一个错误。

　　by no means are these works of art satisfactory. 这些艺术品根本不能令人满意。

　　on no condition should you visit that place. 你决不能去那个地方。

　　2016高考英语必考知识点26

　　半倒装句(二)

　　not only…， but also…(前一分句倒装，后一分句不倒装)

　　[例句]

　　not only was everything he had taken away from him， but also his german citizenship was taken away. 不仅他拥有的一切被那走了，就连他的德国国籍也被取消了。

　　they suggested not only should we attend the party but also give a performance. 他们建议我们不仅要参加晚会，还要进行表演。

　　not only should we students study hard， we also should know how to enjoy ourselves in our spare time. 我们学生不仅要学习好，还应该知道在课余时间怎样享受生活。

　　2016高考英语必考知识点27

　　半倒装句(三)

　　neither， nor放在句首

　　[例句]

　　if you don’t go to see the movie， neither will i. 如果你不去看电影，我也不去。

　　--why didn‘t you buy the jacket?

　　--neither was the price satisfactory， nor did the color agree with me.

　　价格不能令人满意，颜色也不太适合我。

　　i don’t like him， nor do i care about him. 我不喜欢他，也不关心他。

　　2016高考英语必考知识点28

　　半倒装句(四)

　　“only + 状语”放在句首，句子半倒装

　　[例句]

　　only when the war was over did he return to work. 直到战争结束他才回去工作。

　　only after you have reached eighteen can you join the army. 你只有到了18岁才能参军。

　　only in that way will we be ready for the challenges and opportunities in life.

　　只有这样，我们对生活中的机遇和挑战才会有充分的准备。

　　only by changing the way we live will we be able to save the earth.

　　只有改变生活方式，我们才能拯救地球。

　　[注意]这种结构的倒装只在only引导状语的时候使用，only引导主语的时候不用倒装。

　　only in this way can you work out the problem. 你只有用这种方法才能做出题目。

　　only this way can help you work out the problem. 只有这种方法才能帮你做出题目。

　　2016高考英语必考知识点29

　　半倒装句(五)

　　so + be动词/助动词/情态动词等 + 主语 “……也……”(表示肯定意思)

　　neither/nor +动词/助动词/情态动词等 + 主语 “……也……”(表示否定意思)

　　[例句]

　　she is interested in the story， so am i.

　　he enjoys playing the guitar， so do i.

　　i saw the film last night， so did he.

　　in the past 20 years， our society has changed a lot， so have our eating habits.

　　近20年来。我们的社会发生了很大的变化，我们的饮食习惯也变了。

　　tom didn‘t attend the meeting last night; nor did mary. tom没来参加昨晚的会议，mary也没来。

　　i have never been abroad. neither/nor has tom.

　　[比较1] “so + 主语 + 助动词” 表示肯定已有的观点或事实

　　[例句]

　　-we have all worked hard these days.

　　-so we have.(的确如此)

　　i promised to help him， and so i did.(我确实帮助他了)

　　[比较2] “主语 + 助动词 + so” 表示按照别人的要求去做

　　[例句]

　　the wounded little boy asked me to lift him up and i did so.

　　the doctor asked charlie to breathe deeply and he did so.

　　2016高考英语必考知识点30

　　so it is with somebody = it’s the same with somebody前者怎么

　　样，后者也怎么样

　　[注意]前面既有否定句又有肯定句，或有多个谓语动词或助动词难以选择时，用此2016高考英语必考知识点。

　　[例句]

　　john likes english but he doesn‘t like maths， so it is with me (so it is the same with me)。

　　tom is a student and he studies hard， so it is with me.

　　-he was really manly enough to be responsible for what he had done. 他像个男子汉，敢于对自己的所作所为负责。

　　-so he was， and so it was with you. 他的确如此，你当时也一样。

　　虚拟语气

　　2016高考英语必考知识点31

　　(从句)if + were/did(动词的过去式)，(主句)主语 + would/might/should/could + do(表示对现在情况的假设)

　　[例句]

　　if i were you， i would not be so proud. 如果我是你，我不会如此自负。

　　i don’t have a cellphone. if i had one， it would be convenient for me to get in touch with others.

　　if i were in your position， i would think better of it. 如果我处在你的位置，我会好好考虑它。

　　2016高考英语必考知识点32

　　(从句)if + had done， (主句)主语+ would/might/should/could +have done(表示对过去或已经发生事情的虚拟假设)

　　[例句]

　　what a pity it is that you didn‘t attend the concert yesterday! if you had attended the concert， you would have seen the famous singer.

　　真遗憾昨天你没有去听音乐会。如果你去了，就能见到那位著名歌手。

　　anyone in his position would have done the same.

　　=if anyone had been in his position， he would have done the same. 任何处在他位置的人都会这样做的。

　　2016高考英语必考知识点33

　　(从句)if + were/did(动词过去式)/were to do/should do，(主句)主语+ would/might/should/could + do(表示对将来的假设)

　　[例句]

　　if he should refuse (= if he were to refuse=if he refused)， it didn’t matter at all. 万一他拒绝了，那也没关系。

　　if you shouldn‘t pass the college entrance examination， what would you do?

　　万一高考不中，你该怎么办?

　　2016高考英语必考知识点34

　　虚拟语气条件句的倒装

　　在虚拟条件句中，如果出现有were， had， should，可以省去if， 把这些词放在句子前面，构成虚拟倒装句。

　　[例句]

　　should he act like that again， he would be fined. 如果他还这样做，就要受罚。

　　had the doctor come in time last night (=if the doctor had come in time last time)， the boy would have been saved. 昨天晚上要是医生及时到达，小孩就会得救。

　　were i to go to the moon one day， i would see it with my own eyes.

　　had i enough money (= if i had enough money)， i would buy a larger house.

　　2016高考英语必考知识点35

　　if only引起的感叹句，相当于 “how i wish + 宾语从句”，意思是“但愿……;要是……就好了”

　　[例句]

　　if only he could come! 他要是能来就好了!

　　if only we students didn’t have so much homework!要是没有这么多的作业该多好!

　　if only i hadn‘t been so careless in the exam!我当时没有那么粗心就好了!

　　2016高考英语必考知识点36

　　if it were not for… (= were it not for…)

　　if it hadn’t been for… (= had it not been for…)“要不是因为有……;如果不是……”

　　[注意]这种结构中不能用否定结构的缩写形式，即不能用weren‘t it for…)

　　[例句]

　　if it hadn’t been for (= had it not been for) the determined captain， all the passengers on board wouldn‘t have been saved. 要不是船长一直坚强，船上的旅客就不会得救。

　　if it were not for your rich parents， you couldn’t live so easy a life. 要不是你父母有钱，你的生活不会如此安逸。

　　if it were not for the expense， i would go abroad now. 如果不是因为经费问题，我现在就出国了。

　　2016高考英语必考知识点37

　　“but for + 名词”和“but that +从句”，意思是“倘若不是;要不是”，接虚拟语气

　　[例句]

　　but for air and water， nothing could live. (= if there were no air or water， nothing could live.)

　　如果没有空气和水，什么东西都难以生存。

　　but for the storm， we should have arrived earlier.

　　= if it hadn‘t been for the storm， we should have arrived earlier. 如果不是暴风雨，我们早就到了。

　　but for you， we couldn’t have carried out the plan. 要不是你的话，我们无法实施那项计划。

　　she could not have believed it but that she saw it. 若非亲眼所见，她是不会相信的。

　　2016高考英语必考知识点38

　　在动词insist(1坚持做某事)，order， command(2命令)， advise， suggest， propose(3建议做某事)，demand， require， request， ask(4要求)等表示建议、命令、要求的名词性从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气。基本2016高考英语必考知识点：主语+ (should) + 动词原形。另外像decide， desire， intend， recommend等也要接(should)+动词原形结构。

　　[例句]

　　mother insists that tom (should) go to bed at nine o‘clock.(宾语从句)

　　we suggested that the meeting (should) be held at once.

　　it was required that the crops (should) be harvested at once.(主语从句)

　　the suggestion that he (should) be invited was rejected.(同位语从句)

　　that is their demand that their wages (should) be increased.(表语从句)

　　[注意1]

　　advice， suggestion， order， demand， proposal， request， desire， command， decision， requirement等名词引导的同位语从句或表语从句，谓语动词用 (should) + 动词原形。

　　[注意2]

　　it’s suggested/ advised/ demanded/ordered/requested/proposed/required/desired等结构后的主语从句中，谓语动词用(should) + 动词原形。

　　[注意3]suggest意思是“表明，暗示;说明”时;insist意思是“坚持观点，坚持看法”时，句子不能用虚拟语气。

　　[例句]

　　he insisted that he was innocent.=he insisted on his innocence. 他坚持说自己是无辜的。

　　he insisted that he had never done wrong. 他坚持说没有做错事情。

　　are you suggesting that i‘m not suited for the job?你是在暗示说我不适合做那项工作?

　　the look on his face suggested that the teacher was quite satisfied with the result. 脸上的表情说明老师对结果感到满意。

　　2016高考英语必考知识点39

　　it is necessary/important/natural/impossible/essential(基本的)等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气，即主语+(should)+动词原形

　　[例句]

　　it’s necessary that tom take the exam first. tom有必要先参加考试。

　　with the society developing very fast， it‘s quite necessary/important that we (should) have a good knowledge of english and computer. 随着社会的快速发展，我们有必要精通英语和电脑。

　　2016高考英语必考知识点40

　　it’s strange/surprising/a pity/a shame/a surprise (that) … should do…should表示“竟然”

　　[例句]

　　it‘s a pity that she should miss the chance. 很遗憾她错过了机会。

　　it’s really surprising that a prophecy(预言)should coincide with the fact so exactly. 令人惊讶的是，预言和事实竟然如此巧合。

　　it‘s strange that he shouldn’t pass the exam. 奇怪的是他竟然没有通过考试。