初中英语学习资料之名词正误解析

　　名词之正误解析

　　?例：I'll tell you a piece of good news.

　　但只有coffee可以用coffees来取代many cups of coffee.

　　[误]Canyou give me the newspaper of today?

　　[正]Canyou give me today's newspaper?

　　[析]加's构成所有格的名词一般应指有生命的人或物。如：Mary's hair，但在英文的习惯用法中对时间、距离等名词的所有格多用's来构成而不用of结构。如：a five minutes' walk.

　　[误]Pleasemake a room for the lady in the school bus.

　　[正]Pleasemake room for the lady in the school bus.

　　[析]英语中更多的名词是含有多种用法和多种含意的，

　　如：room为可数名词时为“房间”，如：I livein Room 5.而room为抽象名词时为空间上面一句话应译为“请给老妇人在校车上留个地方。”这样的词还有：glass 玻璃glasses 眼镜stone石头a stone 一块石头time 时间two times 两次wood木头woods 树林

　　[误]Thereis a flowers garden behind my house.

　　[正]Thereis a flower garden behind my house.

　　[析]名词除了在句中作主语、宾语、表语外，还可以用来修饰另一个名词，这时作修饰词的名词一般要用单数形式，如：shoe factory (鞋厂),post office(邮局),evening paper (晚报),night school (夜校),head master (校长),a law school (法律学院)。但也有例外，如:a goods train(货车),sports meeting (运动会)。

　　[误]Mymother bought two fishes for supper this morning.

　　[正]Mymother bought two fish for supper this morning.

　　[析]英语中有些名词单复同形，如：fish, deer, sheep, Chinese (中国人), means (方法)。所以应讲onefish, two fish, one Chinese, two Chinese. 如果讲There are five fishes in the pool.应译为池中有五种鱼而不是五条鱼。

　　[误]Maryexpressed her thank to her boy friend.

　　[正]Maryexpressed her thanks to her boy friend.

　　[析]英语中有些名词只有复数形式，如： thanks, greens， 而有些词单数形式与复数形式有不同的词意。如:clothes 为衣服，而cloth则是布， sand沙子，而sands是沙滩。

　　[误]Ioffered my son my congratulation on his success.

　　[正]Ioffered my son my congratulations on his success.

　　[析]英语中表示祝贺的词虽有单数形式，但一般要用其复数形式。如握手为shake hands.

　　[误]Wehave five German in this meeting.

　　[正]Wehave five Germans in this meeting.

　　[析]英国人Englishman的复数形式为Englishmen，而German 则要加s，因为它不是由国名与man的组合词。

　　[误]Thereare two As in this word.

　　[正]Thereare two A's in this word.

　　[析]在大写字母缩写形式的复数表达法中应加s，但如字母是A、I时，为了防止与As和Is相混，则要用's即A's，I's

　　[误]Thereare three 6s and two 3s in my telephone number.

　　[正]Thereare three 6's and two 3's in my telephone number.

　　[析]在小写字母与数字的复数形式表达法中要用's

　　[误]Wehave many woman teachers in our school.

　　[正]Wehave many women teachers in our school.

　　[析]一般组合名词变为复数形式时只将词中心词变为复数如：?

　　half brother—halfbrothers(同父异母或同母异父的兄弟)daughter in law—daughtersin law,(儿媳)但要注意的是：man driver—mendrivers(男司机)woman doctor—womendoctors(女大夫)grownup—grown ups(成年人) 但是boy student—则变为boystudents

　　[误]Physicsare very difficult to learn.

　　[正]Physicsis very difficult to learn.

　　[析]虽以s结尾但只能用作单数名词有：科学，学科名字：Physics. Mathematics politics游戏名称：bowls 专有名称：Niagara Falls(尼亚加拉瀑布) 其他名词：news(消息，新闻)

　　[误]Thereis a people in the room.

　　[正]Thereis a person in the room.

　　[正]Thereis a man in the room.

　　[析]people是复数名词，不可用作单数，如要用来讲一个人时应用a person, a man, a woman。同样的词有police.要讲一个警察时则要用a policeman, a policewoman。

　　[误]Whereis my shoe?

　　[正]Whereare my shoes?

　　[析]常常只用作复数形式的词有trousers, pants, shorts(短裤)，socks(袜子),shoes, gloves(手套)。但如果只找其中的一个则要指明，这时还是应用单数形式。如：Where's my left glove?(我左手的手套在哪?)

　　[误]Ipaid five pennies for the sweet.

　　[正]Ipaid five pence for the sweet.

　　[析]英语中便士有两个复数形式pence用来表达一定数量的钱。而pennies是指一个个的硬币，如：I want to change this note for pennies.我想把这纸币换成硬币。(即一便士一个的硬币)。

看了初中英语学习资料之名词正误解析还看：

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