2017年中考英语解题技巧汇编(2)
初中英语短文改错的解题方法
短文改错是中考题型之一,它考查同学们的阅读理解能力和在阅读中识别错误的能力,出现的错误主要有拼写、习惯用法、词法、句法及行文逻辑等方面,难度较大。解此类题应注意:速度全文,了解大意;运用语法,分析句子;复读全文,查缺补漏。
1.了解短文内容,逐词、逐句检查看是否有单词拼写、大小写、标点等错误。
2.根据短文内容,联系上下文,检查有无多词、缺词错误。
3.运用语法知识,检查动词时态、习惯用法,名词的格和单、复数,形容词、副词的级别是否用错;检查冠词、数词、介词、连词、代词用法是否准确等。
4.检查错误时别忽视短文中行与行的衔接处;有时也存在一行中没有错误的现象。
5.最后凡有把握的地方就别改动了;没有把握的地方,要进行推理判断,争取做出正确答案。
例析:
七、短文改错(共10小题,计10分)(浙江省杭州市2002年中考英语试题)
请对下面所给短文的每一行作出判断,如该行多一个词,把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉,在该行右边横线上写出该词,并也用斜线划掉;如该行缺一个词,在空缺处加一个漏词符号(∧),在该行右边横线上写出该加的词;如该行错一个词,在错的词下划一横线,在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词;如该行没有错,就不要改,在右边横线上画一个勾(√)。每行只有一个错误。
JimGreen, is our English teacher, has been in 71._______
Chinafor more than twoyear. He has been to many 72._______
interestingplaces in Beijing,and he has not yet 73._______
beento many other parts ofChina.Last week he 74._______
goesto mount Emeiin Sichuan Province with his 75._______
family.Many people like travel by air, but 76._______
Jimfamily think that traveling by train is 77._______
thebest. It is much cheap and far enjoyable 78._______
thana rushed trip by air. He had a wonderful 79._______
trainride to Chengduafter they went to Mount 80._______
Emeiby bus.
参考答案:
71.isour→our our English teacher是JimGreen的同位语,is是多余的词,应去掉。(多词)
72.year→years two year前面是two,名词year应用复数形式years。(名词复数)
73.and→but 联系上下文,应用but表示转折。(行文逻辑)
74.√ (没有错误)
75.goes→went 根据该句时间状语last week,动词应用过去式。(动词时态)
76.like→liketo like to do 或likedoing 是习惯用法。(习惯用法)
(travel→traveling)
77.Jim→Jim’s 根据句意,表达“吉姆的家庭”应用所有格。(名词所有格)
78.cheap→cheaper much修饰形容词或副词的比较级(形容词的级)
79.He→They 一句话主语应前后一致。(代词用法)
80.after→before 旅途愉快应在到达目的地之前。(连词用法)
评分标准:
七、第71 小题至第80小题,每小题1分,凡改错或不改均不给分。改错符号不用或用错可酌情扣分,每小题不能超过0.25分。
初中英语“阅读理解”解题技巧
一、阅读理解是考查学生通过阅读短文而对相关信息的加工情况。解此类题必须掌握两大技巧:
(一)阅读的技巧
1.阅读时不要出声,要养成快速阅读的好习惯。
2.阅读时不要逐字阅读,要养成以意群为单位阅读的好习惯。
3.学会找关键词、关键句。关键句通常位于段落的开头或结尾。
4.学会根据上下文猜测生词的词义。
(二)答题的技巧
1.通读全文,了解大意。
2.带着问题,复读原文。
3.理解识别,推断归纳。
4.复核检查,确保无误。
二、中考的阅读理解测试点主要分两大类:
(一)以识别语篇的事实和细节为主的题目。要求学生能综合运用语言和通过上下文抓住关键词句,即抓住事实和细节。此类题大都可以在短文中直接找到答案,相对较易。
(二)以理解为主的推测判断题目。有些题目只靠抓住细节和事实是远远不够的,需要考生深入理解,进行推测,进行判断。这类题难度较大。
例析:
Babies love chocolate – andsometimes they also eat the paper around it. My cat enjoys a meal of good,thick paper, and letters, for example. She doesn’t like newspapers very much.
Of course, the paper comes fromwood. Wood comes from trees, and trees are plants. Vegetables and fruit areplants too, and we eat a lot of them. So can we also eat wood and paper?
Scientists say: “All food comesin some way from plants.” Well, is that true? Animals eat grass and grow fat.Then we eat their meat. Little fish eat sea-plants, then bigger fish swim alongand eat the … Chickens eat bits of grass and give us … Think for a minute. Whatfood does not come from plants in some way?
Scientists can do wonderfulthings with plants. They can make food just like meat and cheese. And they canmake it without the help of animals. It is very food too. Now they have begunto say: “We make our paper from wood. We can also make food from wood. The nextthing is not very difficult.” What is the next thing? Perhaps it is – food frompaper. Scientists say: “We can turn paper into food. It will be good, cheapfood too; cheaper than meat or fish or eggs.”
So please keep your old books andletters. (Don’t feed them to your cat.) One day, soon, they will be on yourplate. There is nothing like a good story for breakfast.
1. What does the best paper comefrom?
A. Vegetables. B.Food. C. Plant. D. Wood.
2. From the passage, we can inferthat ______ do not come from plants in some way.
A. few kinds of food B. meat andfish C. cheese and chickens D. wood and paper
3. What’s the main idea of thispassage?
A. All food comes from plants in some way.
B. It will not be longbefore food can made from paper.
C. Scientists can dowonderful things with plants.
D. Scientists can makefood without the help of animals.
4. The writer asks us to keep ourold books and letters because ______.
A. they are useful for reading B.they may be used to feed cats
C. we can make food from them soon D.we can read them before meals
5. The best title for the passageis _______.
A. Food from Plants B.Plants, Animals and Food
C. Keep Your Books and Letters D.What Can We Make with Old Paper
分析:此篇短文讲述人们的食物都以某种形式来自于植物,将来科学家们不久会从纸张中提取食物。
1.可直接从第二段的第一句找到答案。答案:D
2.推论题。关键要注意到A项中few的未加a,表示“否定”的用法,它与后面的donot构成双重否定,意为“”,符合题意。答案:A
3.要抓住短文的中心内容。文章开头讲的是纸张,第三段科学家也讲到“所有食物都以某种方式来自于植物”。第四段与此题有关联的句子在第三行和第四行中。实际上作者已经给the next thing做出了正确的判断。答案:B
4.关键的句子是Oneday, soon, they will be on your plate.(不久的某一天,你的旧的书籍和信件就会成为你盘中的食物。)答案:C
5.与3题相关。答案:D
初中英语通知的写作技巧
书面表达是中考题型之一,主要考查学生运用所学知识遣词造句和用英语进行思维、写作的综合能力。书面表达在中考题中以10-15分值出现,直接影响学生的中考成绩。
近年,书面表达多为给材料作文,考查综合运用语言的能力,为强调语言的实践性,加强与现实生活的联系,落实学以致用,多为应用文考查。其中通知是应用文的一种重要形式。
通知是上级对下级、单位对职工安排工作、传达事情或召开会议等所使用的应用文,运用非常广泛。通知一般可分为口头通知和书面通知两种。书面通知又有两种:一种是布告式通知,即以布告的形式把事情通知有关人员;另一种是书信式通知,即以书信的形式把事情传达给有关人员。
布告式通知以布告形式贴出,通常不用称呼,直接告知有关事宜;书信式通知以书信的形式发送,要求又明确的递送对象,要写明通知的具体内容。通知要求言简意赅、措辞得当、时间及时。通知的内容一般可分为五个部分:
1.标题
通知的正上方通常要有一个标题。口头通知常用Announcement,书面通知多用Notice或NOTICE。
2.呼语
通知往往要有呼语,如:Boysand girls,Ladiesand gentlemen,Dearfriends,Comrades,
Dear Mr Zhang等。
3.正文
通知正文所使用的语言应尽量简明扼要。口头通知开始往往要用上“Attention,please.”或“Bequiet,please”,其后可以加上I havean announcement to make,结束时可加上“That’s all”,“Thankyou!”之类的客套话。对举行活动的口头或书面通知,常用“sthwill/isgoing to be held+地点+时间”或“Therewill/isgoing to be+sth+地点+时间”结构。结束语前常用“Pleaseattend it on time”,或“Don’t be late, please.”之类的句子。
4.日期
口头通知因是现场发布,不需要日期,但书面通知要写日期。布告式通知的日期一般写在最后一行,即左下角,要低于落款;书信式通知的日期可写在右上角。
5.落款
口头通知通常不用落款;书面通知要落款,写出发出通知的人或单位名称。落款一般写在通知的右下角。
通知的写作思路:审题;列提纲,找要点,定句型;确定时态(通知一般使用一般将来时和一般现在时);连句成文。
例如:
1.张贴的通知:
Notice
There isgoing to be a meeting about the school sports meeting in the reading-room at14:30 this Saturday afternoon. Ask all the teachers not to be late, please.
TheSchool’s Office
December17, 2004
2.书信形式的通知:
Dear MrHu, December 17, 2004
There is goingto be a meeting about the school sports meeting in the reading-room at 14:30this Saturday afternoon. Ask you not to be late, please.
Best Wishes.
TheSchool’s Office
初中英语“书面表达”解题技巧
书面表达实际上就是英语小作文,主要考查学生运用所学知识遣词造句和用英语进行思维、写作的综合能力。书面表达在中考题中以10-15分值出现,直接影响学生的中考成绩。近年来,该题型主要有两种形式:
题型一:根据图示和所给提示词,写一段80—100字的短文。要求故事完整,句子通顺,内容与所给材料相符。
题型二:根据所给文字提示,写一段80—100字的短文。要求故事完整,句子通顺,内容与所给材料相符。
解答这类题目应做到以下几点:
1.充分理解每幅图画或中文提示、中文情景和题目的要求,了解事情包括的人物、事件发生的时间、经过和结果,以确定整体思路。
2.应根据事情发展的过程,首先考虑所用的句型、短语、习惯用语,确定正确的时态,必须将所给的英文提示全用上,写出语法正确的句子和意思连贯的短文,注意不要对中文提示逐字翻译。
3.在写作时,应考虑加入一些必要的词语,使句子和短文的表达更加准确、连贯,还要注意正确地使用大小写和标点符号。写作应用文如书信、日记等时,要注意书写的格式。
实例:书面表达:(共1题,计15分)
请根据下面图画,写一篇短文。
要求:1.必须包括4幅图的内容,可以适当增加细节,短文意思连贯通顺。
2.字数在100个左右。
注:ladle — n.长把勺
参考答案:
One day, a boy called Li Lei saw a bird onthe ground. He wanted to catch the bird. So he put some food in his left handand hold a ladle with his right hand. He wanted to cover the bird with hisladle in his right hand while the bird was eating the food in his left hand.But when he lifted the ladle, the bird quickly flew up away. And when the ladlefell down, it just hit his left hand. Li Lei cried.
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