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中考英语备考之语态

时间: 嘉欣2 中考辅导

  【基本概念】

  【区别】

  (3)在语法结构上,主动语态和被动语态的区别主要在于,主动语态直接使用动词原形作为谓语,然后再在该动词原形的基础上施加时态和其他语法;而被动语态则使用系词+动词的过去分词作为谓语,各种时态和其他语法也施加在系词上。

  举例:(主动语态)We use electricity to run machines. 我们用电力来开动机器。(被动语态)Electricity is used to run machines. 电力被我们用来开动机器。

  【主动改被动方】

  把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单,可以遵循以下几个步骤:

  1. 将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语;

  2. 谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”,并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态;

  3主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。(有时by的短语可以省略);

  举例:1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week.

  【被动语态的用法】

  1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成:is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词

  Our classroom is cleaned everyday.

  2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成:was / were + 及物动词的过去分词

  A new shop was built last year.

  3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成:has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词

  This book has been translated into many languages.

  4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成:will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词

  Many more trees will be planted next year.

  5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成:情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词

  Young trees must be watered often.

  6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成:am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词

  Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→ My bike is being repaired by Tom now.

  7. 不定式的被动语态:to + be + 及物动词的过去分词

  There are two books to be read. → There are twenty more trees to be planted.

  【被动语态应注意问题】

  1. 不及物动词无被动语态。

  What will happen in 100 years./The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.

  2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。

  This pen writes well. /This new book sells well.

  3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式,主动语态中不带to,但变为被动语态时,须加上to.

  ①make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something

  ②see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something

  ③The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.

  4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时,直接宾语(物)作主语,那么动词后要用介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。

  ①He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.

  ②He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.

  5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应当看作一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。

  We can't laugh at him. →He can't be laughed at by us.

  【常见考法】

  对于语态考查,多以单选、词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用被动语态的能力。一般情况下,会综合考查时态和语态,这时,要根据语境和动作发生的时间来确定时态,然后再确定语态。

  ※典型例题:-Could you tell me whom the radio_____by? -Sorry. I have no idea.

  A. invents B.invented C.is invented D.was invented

  解析:题干的意思是“你能告诉我收音机是谁发明的吗?”,发明收音机是过去的事,所以用过去时,排除 A和C;而radio和invent 构成被动关系,应用被动语态,排除B。答案:选D。

  【小编提醒】

  有些动词后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,但改为被动结构后要加上“to”,这一点我们必须注意。

  ※典型例题:The young man was often seen _____by the lake.

  A.to draw B .to drawing C.draw D.drew

  解析:这是2007年济南的中考题。“看到某人做某事”为see sb.do sth.。句中动词原形是省略to的不定式,在被动语态中要还原to.答案选A。

看了中考英语备考之语态还看:

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2.中考英语被动语态考点知识解析

3.初中英语语法-时态、语态教学视频1

4.初三英语语法知识点:被动语态

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