2016四级翻译语法知识点
2016四级翻译语法知识点
1、it is +adj\\n that + 虚拟
2、it is +done(表示建议、要求)that + 虚拟
二、宾语从句：
1、I suggest(表示命令;建议;请求) that „„ shoule +do„„ (在虚拟语气中，shoule have done = ought to have done,其他时候should 不等于ought to) 2、I wish that „„(用虚拟语气)
三、目的状语：
Lest或者for fear that + (虚拟语气)should do
四、 if从句： 即 主句„„, if 从句„„
1、倒装代替if从句：Had\\Were\\Should „„，主句„„
2、but for = without(如果不是)代替if从句， 两个都是介词 But for \\without + 名词 ，主句„„
3、with + 名词 ，主句 „„
4、if only + (if 从句) 要是„„该多好
五、隐藏虚拟语气：本打算做但结果没有做的
1、had hoped\\intended\\planned\\expected\\wanted\\meant to do
2、hoped to have done
3、be(was\\were) + to have done 4、would\\should like to have done Would have done 表意愿、将来
Should have done 竟然做了、本应该做的 Could have done 有能力做 Might have done 表示猜测
Need have done 本来需要做的却没有做
主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气
有时条件从句中的动作和结果与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这时动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。如：
1. 从句表示将来，主句表示过去：
⑴、If I were not to make a preparation for my experiment this afternoon, I would have gone to see the film with you last night.
2. 从句表示过去，主句表示将来：
⑴、If they had started the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.
⑵、If we hadn' t made adequate preparations, we shouldn' t dare to do the experiment next week。
3.从句表示将来，主句表示现在：
⑴、If we shouldn't have an exam this afternoon, I would go shopping now.
4.从句表示过去，主句表示现在。
⑴、If they had stared the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.
⑵、If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now.
5.从句表示过去，主句表示过去和现在
⑴、If you hadn’t lent me some money, I couldn’t have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now.
在不少情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。
(1) 、You wouldn’t know. 你不会知道。
(2) 、 would like to come. 我愿意来。
(3) 、I wouldn’t have dreamed of it. 这是我做梦也不会想到的。
(4) 、He told the story in such minute detail that he might himself have been an eye-witness. 他将那事讲的非常仔细，简直就象他亲眼看见一样。
6.从句表示现在，主句表示过去
⑴、If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。(从句说明现在，主句说明过去。)