tpo30阅读及答案(2)
13. Look at the four squares[■] that indicate where the following sentence can beadded to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit? The division of time nolonger reflected the organization of religious ritual.
Ironically, the new machine tended to undermine Catholic Church authority. Although churchritual had sustained an interest in timekeeping throughout the centuries of urban collapsethat followed the fall of Rome,church time was nature's time.■【A】Day and night were dividedinto the same number of parts, so that except at the equinoxes, days and night hours wereunequal;and then of course the length of these hours varied with the seasons.■【B】But themechanical clock kept equal hours, and this implied a new time reckoning.■【C】The CatholicChurch resisted, not coming over to the new hours for about acentury.■【D】From the start,however, the towns and cities took equal hours as their standard, and the public clocks installedin town halls and market squares became the very symbol of a new, secular municipalauthority. Every town wanted one; conquerors seized them as especially precious spoils ofwar;tourists came to see and hear these machines the way they made pilgrimages to sacredrelics.
14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage isprovided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices thatexpress the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in thesummary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or areminor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.
The introduction of the mechanical clock caused important changes to the society of medievalEurope.
A.The increasing complexity of social and economic activity in medieval Europe led to theneed for a more dependable means of keeping time than sun and water clocks provided.
B.Because they were unreliable even in sunny climates, sun clocks and water clocks were rarelyused in Europe, even before the invention of the mechanical clock.
C.Before the mechanical clock, every city wanted a large number of timekeepers because moretimekeepers allowed for better organization of collective activities.
D.Soon after the invention of mechanical clocks, sun and water clocks became obsoletebecause mechanical clocks were far more accurate.
E.Predators help maintain biological diversity by limiting populations of a dominant competitorspecies, thereby preventing that species from excluding others.
F.The removal of sea stars reduces the diversity of the community in which they arepredators, and is therefore a bad idea.
tpo30阅读答案
1.从第一段的第二句开始，原文列举了这两种device各种的缺点，最后一句前半句说它们work，后面but表转折，证明要说有些情况它们不能用。所以选择B。A说人们在各种情况下都在使用这两种方法，与原文表达的意思相反，C将两种方法比较，原文没有这层意思。D整个和划线部分相反，原文说在northern Europe不能用。
2.虽然原文提到说城与城之间要保持一直，但其目的是organize collective activity，和ration space。 而collective activity对应了选项B，C对应set time to go to sleep,也就是结束工作的时间。D对应开头catholic church的prayers活动。
3.对应原文的第二句话，可根据alarm arrangement定位，前文说one of which was at night，后面说to waken monk before dawn，这两个都可以算是原因，选项中符合的只有D。
4.authoritative是权威的，A是真实的，B是重要的，C是官方的，D是有效的。因此C是正确的。文章中也说only one怎样的time keeper，所以应该是官方准确时间。
5.前文说需要它去check 这个machines，which前面说的是solar dials所以指的是the sun。
6.rudimentary是基础的。 A是稀有的，B是小的，C是不切实际的，D是基本的。所以根据词义D正确。这里我们可以看并列的词都是负面的，这里的rudimentary也是在强调未发展，有落后的意味。如果按照负面词来判断，C可能成为迷惑选项，但其词义不符。
7.可定位至相关段落，关键词为resisted，not coming over，所以证明church在拒绝新的计时方法，也就是在试着保护自己的方法。
8.installed被安装的，A是需要的，B是被大部分人们希望的，C是标准化的，D是放置于。D最符合，并且原文中原词的后面也跟了地点，所以用D最合适。
9.根据clockmaker定位至倒数第二句，说制表人是正确和精密的领路人然后就对他们各种赞扬。B，C，D选项都是在贬低制表人，所以很容易排除。B，D选项又和最后一句话明显冲突。 A符合原文。
10.第五段主要说clockmaker引领了准确，精准工程的发展，他们是master，teacher等等，然后说他们是先锋，但这些都是因为他们是制表人。所以这道题选B。 ACD原文都没提到。
11.pioneer是先驱，A是领导者，B是对手，C是雇主，D是监护人。原文单词所在句后半句也说道他们作teacher，所以很容易理解他们是领导者。
12.定位到原文最后一句，说使人们从task-oriented和 time-filling busyness的模式变为maximize product per unit of time，从而提高了productivity，所以选择D。A，B原文都提到了，但是是转化前的状态，C没提到。
13.原句中no longer反应宗教仪式了，那么此句前后应该有对现在的计时制度的描写，另外句末提到了religious ritual，所以附近也应该有对宗教组织的态度描写，满足这两个条件的位置是C。
14.A对应第二段倒数第一句和倒数第二句后半句"with urban growth and the multiplication of time signals, discrepancy brought discord and strife. Society needed a more dependable instrument of time measurement and found it in the mechanical clock."正确。B与原文第一段矛盾。不选。C原文并没有提到说有大量的timekeepers，而第三段还说只能有一个权威的timekeeper不选。D对应原文第三段，说应用mechanical clock之后water clock很快被弃用了，但sun clock依然留下用来对照mechanical clock的准确性，错，不选。