初二英语上册短语及句型知识点总结(3)
与之相比beside,除了last butone。
即beside的一般用法是"在…旁边",但还有"和…相比"等特殊用法。
例:I felt so weak in spoken English besidethem.和他们相比,我感到我的口语太差。
Beside work andstudy,all else was trivial.同工作和学习比起来,其他一切都是小事。
除了last but one,即but多指"除了"的意思,也有"倒数第几"的意思。last but one即不是最后一个。
例:I haven't told anybody but one.除了我爱人,我谁也没告诉。(除了)
Who but afoolwould study foreign language well if he is ahard working one.
如果他勤奋好学的话,除了傻瓜谁都能学好外语。(除了)
Look at the lastpage but one.请看倒数第2页。
He was the lastbut three in maths examination this time.他这次数学考试成绩倒数第四。
They live in thenext house but one.他们住在隔壁过去一家。
复不定for、找,价,原,对,给,段,去,为,作,赞
复不定for,即用for引出的不定式复合结构,也就是for加名(代)加不定式;找,意为找到,提供;价,意为价格、工资;原,意为原因;段,意为时间或距离;去,意为去某地或开往某地;作,意为作为;赞,意为赞成(用于系表结构。)
例:It is high time for us to start.我们不该再迟延了。
The most urgentthing is for us to get the preparation done.
最重要的事情是我们要把准备工作做好。
I don't think itadvisable for him to study medicine.我想她学医不适合。
Your parents andrelatives are anxious for you to go to college.
你的父母和亲戚渴望你上大学。
My home town haschanged too much for me to recognize.
我的家乡变化太大,简直认不出来了。
以上例句都是for在不定式复合结构中的用法。
Someone is askingfor you on the telephone.有人找你接电话。(找)
You'd better writeto me for more information about it.
如需更多这方面的资科和信息,你最好给我写信。(提问,索要)
They worked in thecompany for 200 yuan amonth.他们在这个公司干活,每月嫌200元。(价格)
How much did youpay for the second-hand colour TV?这台用过的彩电你花了多少钱?(价格)
Thank you verymuch for your coming.谢谢您的光临。(原因)
Thank you for yourwarm hospitality.谢谢您的热情款待。(原因)
Forgive me forbeing tardy.请原谅我迟到了。(原因)
I'm much obligedto you for telling me.非常感谢你给我谈了这个情况。(原因)
We have boundlessadmiration for your struggle.对你们的斗争我们无限钦佩。(对)
Listeningcomprehension materials are good for training our minds.
听力材料对训练我们的脑子根有好处。(对)
Take the bittermedicine.It's good for you.吃下这药吧,对你有好处。(对)
There is atelegramfor 这有一份王先生的电报。(给)
May Iuse it foraminute?我用一会儿好吗?(一段时间)
I followed thestealer for some distance.我跟踪那个小偷一段路。(一段距离)
The ship was forDalian.这破船开往大连。(去某地)
We are off forShanghai tomorrow.明天我们去上海。(去某地)
The medicine isfor reducing your temperature.这药是退烧的。(为…目的)
Afterbreakfast,I'll go for astroll round the town.
吃完饭我要在城里到处走走。(为…目的)
I'll keep thelighter given by aforeign friend for asouvenir.
我要把外宾送给我的打火机作为纪念。(作为)
It is only meantfor ajoke.这只是当笑话说说罢了。(作为)
We are all forcutting down the cost of production.我们都赞成降低生产成本。(赞成)
快到、对、向towards,工、学、军、城、上、北、南
例:It's getting on towards the end of termnow.现在已快到学期未了。(快到)
Towards midnightmy husband came back.快到半夜了我的丈夫才回来。(快到)
Our teacher wasvery lenient towards us.我们的老师对我们很松。(对)
What you haveinvented is really abig contribution towards our company.
你所发明的对我们公司确实是一大贡献。(对)
The boy camerunning towards his mother.那个男孩向他母亲跑去。(向着)
所谓工、学、军、城、上、北、南,是说up和down的用法。这也是汉英翻译时要注意的。例如:招工,上大学,参军,进城,
上山,向北方等都属于up。而相反的下乡,向南,落榜等都属于down。"大军南下,北上抗日"大概由此而来。
| 2014-10-14分享到:最后,英语中v.-ing分词转化而成的特殊介词,更须注意,根据其语法功能,把它们同现在分词,动名词和连同区分开来。即:
respecting由于,鉴于;considering由于,鉴于;excepting除了;concerning关于;excepting for除外;excluding除外;without excepting sb.包含;including包括,包含;following在…之后;regarding关于;respecting在…方面;concerning有关;
例:considering由于;
Considering thattable salt is the commonest source of sodium in food,the diet usually calls foreating salt-free foods.由于食盐是钠在食物中普遍的来源,医生给病人规定的,饮食通常要求吃无盐食品。
respecting鉴于:
Respecting theheavy rain,we had to put off the match.
鉴于下大雨,我们不得不推迟了这场比赛。
excepting除了:
excepting可单独使用,可以与always或否定词not连用,也可以与for,without之类介词连用。
Excepting one ofhis close friends,they were present at the party.
除了他的一个挚友外,他们都来赴宴了。
He is an honestman,excepting for his quick temper.
他是个老实人,只是("除了"脾气暴躁。(同类比较except,加for异类记心间)。
Everybody is inhigh spirits,always excepting him.大家都情绪高昂,唯他"除外"(例外)。
Only afewsurvivors without excepting him were living in the settlement.
包括他在内,只有几个幸存者住在新拓居地。
including包含:
The new apartmentconsists of three rooms including the kitchen.
这套公寓有三间,包括厨房。
following在…之后:相当于after The week following his first visit to thenewsroom he was appointed editor of the important column.在拜访该报社编辑部的"第二个"星期,他放任命为该报重要专栏的主笔。
regarding关于:相当于about Regarding research investment and number ofresearchers engaged in this field of research,the an overwhelming positionfollowed by Japan."关于"投入该领域研究的投资额和研究人员的数量,美国占压倒优势,其次是日本。
respecting在…方面:
Respectingeducation,health,medical care as well as production and labor technologicaldevelopment will have to be evaluated with due thought given to social systemsand humanism."在"教育、卫生、生产劳动"方面",评价技术的发展需根据社会制度和人道主义。
concerning有关:
The following aresome of the arguments both pros and cons concerning computers,thinking,andartificial intelligence.下面是"有关"计算机、思维和人工智能方面持赞成和反对态度的一些论据。
当然,这些ing型的介词,在句子中也有分词、动名词和连词的语法功能。excluding和including,表示排除与包含。
Last year Britishsales to the region were more than$8 billion,while French exports,excludingarms brought in around$3 billion.去年,英国对这个地区的销售额达80多亿美元,而法国的出口额(武器除外)约为30亿美元。
Stress may depletevitamin Cin your body,as can smoking,drinking and avariety of drugs,notexcepting aspirin.生活紧张会耗尽你体内的维生素C,正如吸烟、饮酒、服用某些药物(包括阿斯匹林)一样。
but for否定用虚拟,复合介词待后言。
but for是"若不是"的意思。
例:But for our great Communist Party,we couldnever have today's happiness.
若没有伟大的共产党,我们决不会有今天的幸福生活。
But for thischemical the vapour inside the system would not have been absorbed socompletely.若没有这个化学剂的作用,系统内的蒸汽不可能被吸收得这么彻底。
but for将在虚拟语气中详讲。