新目标初二英语下册重点短语及句型总汇(2)
Unit 4 He said I was hard-working
1. every Saturday 每周六
2. first of all首先
3. both……and…… 两者都(谓语动词要注意对称原则)
4. neither….nor 两者都不(谓语动词要注意就近和对称原则)
5. most of…绝大多数
6. an exciting week 令人兴奋的一周
7. agree on something 同意某人的计划;对….取得 一致意见
8. agree to do sth. 答应/同意做…
9. pass on (to) 传递
10. be supposed to do sth. 被期望或被要求做... ...
11. be mad at …… 对……疯狂/生气
12. do better in=be better at 在......方面做得更好
13. be in good health 身体健康
14. report card 成绩单
15. sound /feel /smell /taste /look 是连系动词，一般只能跟adj.做表语
16. sound like/feel like/smell like/taste like/look like
听起来像…/感觉像…/闻起来像…/尝起来像…/看起来像…+sb./sth.
17. get… over 克服;恢复;原谅
18. open up 打开/展开/开发/揭露
19. care for 照料;照顾;意愿;计较
20. have a(surprise) party for sb. 为某人举行一次(惊喜0聚会
21. end-of-year exam=final exam 期末考试
22. not----anymore 不再
23. do a home project 做作业
24. be surprised\happy\excited to do sth 做某事感到惊讶、高兴、激动
25. be \get nervous 感到紧张
26. have a very hard time with.. 在---日子不好过
27. an disappointing result 令人失望的结果
28. take\ leave a message 捎(留)个口信
29. have a big fight
30. it is a good idea for sb. to do sth
31. to teach in China’s rural areas
32. feel lucky
33. people who need help 需要帮助的人
34. something we can do for them 我们能为他们做的事
35. there is no difference between…and.. 在。。和。。之间没有区别
36. Groups and the work they do
Groups The work they do
Greenpeace Cares for ‘Mother Earth”
Doctors Without Borders Helps sick people in poor countries
UNICEF Helps children in poor countries
WWF Cares for wild animals in danger
37.the Hope Project 希望工程
38.fortunately
本单元目标句型：
转述他人话语:What did sb. say? He said I …She said she…They said…
1. 许老师告诉我徐梦蝶会说二种语言。Mr. Xu told me that XuMengdie could speak three languages.
2. 许老师说地球绕着太阳转。Mr. Xu said (that)the earth turns around the sun.
3. 许老师告诉我他将去北京。She told me he would go to Beijing the next day.
4. 许老师说欧洋正在做作业Mr. Xu said OuYang was doing his homework at that time.
5. 许老师说王硕研勤奋。Mr. Xu said Wang Shuoyan was hard-working.
6. 在英语上，与听相比，我更擅长于读。In English, I’m better at reading than listening.
7. 情况怎样? How’s it going?
8. 她不想再当我最好的朋友了。She didn’t want to be my best friend anymore.
9. I said it would start a bad habit , and that she would do her own work.
10. That’s about all the news I have now. Mum and Dad send their love.
11. She said helping others changed her life.
12. Teaching high school students in a poor mountain village in Gansu Province may not like fun to you.
13. The Peking University graduate first went there as an volunteer on a one-year program.
14. Life in the mountains was a new experience for Lang Lei. Her village was 2,000metere above the sea level, and at first the thin air made her feel sick.
15. Young people today need to experience different things
16. Some of the students may not be able to go to senior high school or collage.
17. I can open up my students’ eyes to the outside world and give them a good start in life.
18. She said she likes being a good influence in the children’s lives.
19. She now works as a math teacher at a high school in the city of Pingliang, Gansu Province.
20. You are at B’s house working on a homework project.
21. You were supposed to meet at the bus stop this morning to return it, but A didn’t come to the bus stop.
22. A calls you with a message for C. Pass on the message, and then give C’s answer to A.
23. What are some things that happen on soap operas?
本单元语法讲解
直接引语和间接引语
(一)直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语;用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必须放在引号内，间接引语则不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时，除将引语部分变成宾语从句外，还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。
1. 时态的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，通常受转述动词said，asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态，即把原来的时态向过去推，也就是一般现在时变
一般过去时，现在进行时变为过去进行时等。 例如：
Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.”
→Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.
2. 人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化;根据意义进行相应的变化。 如：
She asked Jack,“Where have you been?” →She asked Jack where he had been.
He said,“These books are mine.” →He said that those books were his.
(二)直接引语改为间接引语时，都使用陈述语序，但是因为原句的句式不同，所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。
1.陈述句的间接引语：陈述句由直接引语变间接引语，由that引导，可以省略。
“I want the blue one.” he told us. “我想要兰色的。” 他说。
→He told us that he wanted the blue one. 他说他想要兰色的。
She said to me, “You can’t do anything now.” 她对我说：“此刻你无法做任何事情。”
→She told me that I couldn’t do anything then. 她对我说那时我无法做任何事。
2. 疑问句的间接引语
直接引语如果是疑问句，变成间接引语后，叫做间接疑问句。间接疑问句为陈述语序，句末用句号，动词时态等的变化与间接陈述句相同。引述动词常用ask, wonder, want to know等间接疑问句一般有三种：
(1).一般疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时， 由whether或if 引导。 如：
“Has he ever worked in Shanghai?”Jim asked. “他在上海工作过吗?”吉姆问。
→Jim asked whether/if he had ever worked in Shanghai.吉姆问他是否在上海工作过。
“Can you tell me the way to the hospital?” The old man asked.
那个老人问：“你能告诉我去医院的路吗?
→The old man asked whether I could tell him the way to the hospital.
那老人问我是否能告诉他去医院路。
(2). 特殊疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，仍由原来的疑问词引导。 如：
“Which room do you live in?” He asked. “你住哪个房间?”他问我。
→He asked me which room I lived in. 他问我住哪个房间。
“What do you think of the film?” She asked. 她问“你怎么看这部电影?”
→She asked her friend what she thought of the film . 她问她朋友怎么看这部电影。
(3). 选择疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，由whether/if …or引导。 如：
“Is it your bike or Tom’s? Mum asked. 妈妈问：“这是你的自行车还是汤姆的?”
→Mum asked whether/if it was my bike or Tom’s.妈妈问这是我的自行车还是汤姆的。
“Does your sister like blue dresses or green ones?” Kate asked.
“你妹妹喜欢兰色的裙子还是绿色的?”凯特问。
→Kate asked whether/if my sister liked blue dresses or green ones.
凯特问我妹妹喜欢兰色裙子还是绿色的。
3. 祈使句的间接引语当祈使句变为间接引语时，间接祈使句的引述动词常用tell，ask，order，beg，request，order等，而把直接祈使句变成带to的不定式短语。 如：
Jack said, “Please come to my house tomorrow, Mary. ” 杰克说：“玛丽，明天请到我家来。”
→Jack asked Mary to go to his house the next day. 杰克请玛丽第二天到他家去。
The teacher said to the students, ”Stop talking.” 老师对学生们说：“不要讲话了。”
→The teacher told the students to stop talking. 老师让学生们不要说话了。
“Don’t touch anything.” He said.“不要碰任何东西。”他说。
→He told us not to touch anything. 他对我们说不要碰任何东西。
4. 动词时态和代词等的变动
(1). 某些代词，限定词，表示时间或地点的副词和个别动词在间接引语中的变化规则：
直接引语 间接引语
today that day
now then, at that moment
yesterday the day before
the day before yesterday two days before
tomorrow the next day / the following day
the day after tomorrow two days after, / in two days
next week/ month etc the next week/month etc
last week/ month etc the week / month etc. before
here there
this that
these those
come go
bring take
(2). 如果引述动词为现在时形式，则间接引语中的动词时态，代词，限定词和表示时间或地点的副词不用变化。而如果引述动词是过去时，以上内容就要有相应变化。变化情况如下： 现在时间推移到过去的时间(注意:如果直接引语是表示客观规律的,那么时态仍然用一般现在时
一般现在时 →一般过去时;
现在进行时 →过去进行时;
一般将来时 →过去将来时;
现在完成时 →过去完成时;
Unit 5 If you go to the party，you’ll have a great time!
1. at the party 在晚会上
2. ask sb. to do sth. 请某人做某事
3. stay at home 呆在家
4. half the class/students 一半学生
5. get injured 受伤
6. have a great time =have a wonderful\good time 玩得高兴
7. take …away 运走，取走 put away 收起来，放好
8. all the time=always 一直，始终
9. make a living (by doing sth) 谋生
10. in order to do sth… 为了做某事
11. have a party 举行聚会
12. go to college 上大学
13. be famous for… 因……而著称 be famous as… 作为…而出名
14. make money =earn money 挣钱
15. in fact 事实上
16. laugh at… 嘲笑
17. too much太多(修饰不可数名词)too many太多(修饰可数名词复数)much too+形容词/副词 太…
18. get exercise 锻炼 注意(exercise当“锻炼”是不可数名词;而当“操”“练习”是可数名词)
19. travel around the world 周游世界
20. work hard 努力工作
21. wear jeans 穿牛仔裤
22. let ... in 允许……进入，嵌入 keep…out 不允许。。进入
23. get an education 获得教育
24. take… away 拿开，拿走
25. study for the test 准备考试
26. make some food 准备食物 make dumplings 做水饺 make the bed 整理床铺
27. half the class 一半的学生
28. the rules for school parties 学校派对的规则
29. children’s hospital 儿童医院
30. join the Lions 加入狮队
31. give money to schools and charities 给学校和慈善组织捐钱
32. become a professional soccer player 成为一个职业的足球运动员
33. organize the games for the class party 为班级派对准备游戏
34. play sports for a living 靠体育运动为生
本单元目标句型：
1. If you do, you’ll…2. I’m going to … 3. You should…
4. Don’t you want to …? 5. Don’t you think ….?
①如果李老师去参加晚会，我们将会玩得非常高兴。 If Ms Li goes to the party, we’ll have a great time.
②如果你穿牛仔裤去晚会，李老师将不会让你进入。If you wear jeans to the party, Ms Li won’t let you in.
6.For many young people, becoming a professional athlete might seem like a dream job.
7.If you become a professional athlete, you will be able to make a living doing something you love.
8.However, professional athletes can also have many problems.
9.If you are famous, people will watch you all the time and follow you everywhere. This can make life difficult.
10. If you become rich, you will have a difficult time knowing who your real friends are.
11.In fact, many famous people complain that they are not happy.
本单元语法讲解
if 引导的条件状语从句。If是连词，所连接的句子 叫条件状语 从句，表示假设或条件，意思是 “ 如果…的话”，用法如下：
1、表示假设，表示将会发生和可能发生的事，或进行提醒警告。句子结构如下： If +句子(一般现在时)，+主句(主语will/may/can) +动词)
a. If you finish your homework , you can go out and play.
b. If I have enough money next year , I will go to travel .
2. 表示真实条件、客观真理、自然现象、定理定义 . 民 间谚语等，句型是：
If + 句子 (一般现在时 )，+ 主句 ( 一般现在时).
例： If you study hard ,you are sure to succeed .
If you put ice in a warm place ,it turns into water .
If a glass falls on the floor, it usually breaks
If you cook a banana, it becomes very soft .
If a plant don’t get enough light ,it grows very tall and thin.
Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?
1. raise money for 筹钱
2. collect stamps 集邮
3. run out of… 用尽
4. by the way 顺便说一下
5. on the way to.. 在…的路上
6. be interested in 对…感兴趣
7. more than=over 超过
8. fly kites 放风筝
9. start class 开始上课
10. start a snow globe collector’s club 开办雪球仪收集者俱乐部
11. the most common(unusual, interesting) hobby 最普通的爱好
12. listen to music videos 听音乐碟片
13. organize a talent show to raise money for charity 为慈善机构捐钱而举办的才艺展示
14. extra English lessons 额外的英语课
15. have problems with the language 语言方面有问题
16. the capital of Heilongjiang Province 黑龙江的省会
17. an interesting city with a colorful history 一个有着丰富多彩历史文化的有趣的城市
18. three and a half years =three years and a half 三年半
19. a pair of skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans 一双滑冰鞋/一双鞋/一副眼镜/一条裤子/牛仔裤
How much is a pair of skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans?
= How much does a(this) pair of skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans cost?
How much are the skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans?
= How much do the skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans cost?
本单元目标句型：
1. How long have you been skating? 你滑冰有多长时间了?
2. I’ve been skating since nine o’clock./since I was four years old.
我从九点一直滑到现在/我从四岁一直滑到现在。
3. I’ve been skating for five hours. 我一直滑了五小时 。
4. The more I learn about Chinese history, the more I enjoy living in China.
我对中国的历史了解得越多， 我就越喜欢住在中国。
5. Was this your first skating marathon? No, I skated in a marathon last year.
6. When did you get your first pair of skates?
7. Alison was the first one to start and has been skating for the whole five hours.
Alison是第一个开始并且已经滑了整整5个小时。
8. I’m talking to you from the Hilltop School Skating Marathon.
9. For every hour they skate, each student raises ten yuan for charity.
每滑一个小时，每位学生可为慈善事业筹集10元钱。
10. Thanks for sending me the snow globe of the monster. In fact I think it’s probably my favorite.
谢谢你送我的怪物雪球仪。事实上，我想它可能是我的最爱。
11. My mom says I have to stop, because we’ve run out of room to store them.
妈妈说我必须停止了，因为我们已经没有地方来存放他们了。
12. The first one I ever got was a birthday cake snow globe on my twelfth birthday.
我得到的第一个雪球仪是我十二岁生日得到的生日蛋糕雪球仪。
13. I particularly love globes with animals. If you know anyone else who collects them, please tell me.
我特别喜欢动物雪球仪。如果你知道其他人收集他们的话，请告诉我们。
14. By the way, what’s your hobby?
15. I’m interested in the job as a writer.
16. The school newspaper needs a writer. We will give you different topics to choose from. To get the job, please answer these four questions.
校报需要一个撰稿人。我们会给你一些不同的话题来选择。要得到这份工作，请回答这样四个问题。
17. How many Chinese dynasties can you think of? 你能想起多少中国朝代?
18. Can you think of famous characters from the history of other countries? Make a list.
从其他国家历史中，你能记起一些著名人物吗?列个表。
19. In fact, the first Jews probably came to Kaifeng more than a thousand years ago and were welcomed by the Song Emperor.
事实上，第一批犹太人可能在一千多年前就来到开封而且受到宋朝皇帝的欢迎。
20. There is some European influence in the city, and some of the old buildings in Harbin are in Russian style.这个城市有欧洲文化的影响，而且哈尔滨的一些老建筑还是俄罗斯风格的。新 课 标第 一网
21. For a foreigner like me, the more I learn about Chinese culture, the more I enjoy living in China.
对于一个像我一样的外国人来说，我对中国文化了解越多，我就越喜欢住在中国。
22. And although I live quite far from Beijing, I’m certain I will be here for the Olympic Games in 2008.
尽管我住得离北京很远，但我相信2008年奥运会我一定在这儿。
本单元语法讲解
现在完成进行时：表示从过去某时开始到现在这一段时间里一直在延续的动作。
现在完成进行式结构：have / has +been+ doing/
1.I have been writing the letter since then.从那时起我一直在写这封信。(动作从过去一直持续到现在还在继续)
2.I have been collecting stamps for ten years.自从10年前我就收集邮票了(动作从过去一直现在还在收集)。
3. How long have you been living here?你在这儿已经住了多长时间了。(“居住”动作从过去一直现在还在继续)
现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别：
1现在完成进行时比现在完成时更强调动作的延续性：
2如果没有时间强调，现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行，现在完成时则表示动作已经结束，
3现在完成进行时一般不适用于表状态的动词，而现在完成时则可：